936 



INDEX. 



Carex striota, social form, ii. 748. 

 Carex vulgaris, seedlings, i. 607. 

 Carica Papaya, enzyme, i. 465. 

 Carinthe minor, pollen-grains, ii. 97 

 Carlina, spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Carlina acaulis, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



as hygrometer and weather-glass, ii. 



117. 



coloured bract, ii. 183. 



opening and closing, ii. 116. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protection of pollen, ii. 115, 117. 



temperature within capitulum, i. 501. 



Carmichelia australis, cladodes, 1. 335. 



Carniola, flora of, i. 6. 



Carnivorous plants, movements, i. 140. 



number of, classification of, i. 119. 



spinous structures in pitfalls, i. 124. 



with scale-like leaves, i. 135. 



Carob. See C'eratonia Siliqua. 

 Carolina Allspice. See Calycanthus. 

 Caroway. See Carum carvi. 

 Carpathians, plants of, i. 316. 

 Carpel, morphology, ii. 89. 



— of Cupressus, ii. 443. 

 Carpels, arrangement, &c., i. 642. 



— arrangement on receptacle, ii. 74. 



— foliaceous, ii. 83. 



— persistence, ii. 719. 



Carpenter Bee and Spartium scoparium, ii. 



267. 

 Carpet, type of community, ii. 889, 893. 

 Carpinus and gaU-mites, ii. 529. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— defoliation slow, i. 361. 



— embryo-sacs, ii. 478. 



— pollen-storing and dispersion, ii. 148. 



— vernation, i. 350, 631. 

 Carpinus Betulus, ii. 759. 



and Exoascus Carpini, ii. 527. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 433. 



height, i. 722. 



pocket-galls, ii. 532. 



Carpinus orientalis, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 



Carpium, definition, ii. 47. 



Carpophylla. See Carpels. 



Carposporeie, ii. 606. 



Carpospores, of Coleochsete, ii. 654. 



Carrion -beetles and Dracunculus Creticus, 

 &c., Ü. 165. 



Carrion-flies, favourite colours and odours, 

 ii. 197. 



Carrot. See Baucus Carjta. 



Cartharrius, preservation of colour in Egyptian 

 graves, i. 262. 



Carthamus tinctorius, demonstration of Irri- 

 gation, i. 96. 



Carthusian Pink. See Dianthus Carthusian- 

 orinn. 



Cartilage, digestion of, by Piuguicula vul- 

 garis, i. 142. 



Carum carvi, schizocarp, ii. 427, 430. 



Caruncle, nature of, ii. 425. 



Carya, mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



CaryophyllaoeEe, ii. 196. 



— iestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 335, 352, 355. 



— capsules, ii. 432. 



— carnivorous in minor degree, i. 155. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



— cross-fertilization in, ii. 307. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298, 299. 



— floral envelopes, ii. 749. 



— gall-mites and flower metamorphosis in, 



ii. 548. 



— heterostyly in, ii. 398. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— nectaries, ii. 175, 176. 



— nocturnal flowering, ii. 154. 



— pollen deposition in revolver-flowers, ii. 277. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Oaryophyllacefe, protandrous, ii. 312. 



— protandry and autogamy, ii. 336. 



— stigmatic surface in, ii. 281. 



— times of opening and closing, ii. 221. 

 Caryophyllinse, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Caryopsis, nature of, ii. 429. 



— of (Jraminese, ii. 746. 

 Caryota, caudex, i. 714. 



— geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Caryota propinqua, i. 311. 



fate of specimen cultivated at Vienna, 



i. 310. 



leaf-section, i. 312. 



Casein, i. 458. 



Cashew-nut. See Anacardium occidentale. 



Cassia angustifolia, pod, ii. 431. 



Cassia lenitiva, stamen, ii. 91. 



Cassiope tetragona, rolled leaves, i. 304 



Cassytha, i. 182, 687 ; ii. 752. 



— aflinities, i. 171. 



— geographical distribution, i. 171. 



— germination and mode of attack, i. 176. 



— parasitism, i. 171. 



— physiological roots of seedling, i. 750. 

 Castanea, cotyledons, i. 608. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— fertilization, porogamic, ii. 413. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Castanea sativa, thermal constants, i. 559, 



560. 

 Castanea vulgaris, age, i. 720. 



diameter, i. 722. 



fruit protection, ii. 442, 445. 



Castanospermum, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Casuarina, chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412, 



616. 

 Casuarina quadrivalvis, branch and cross 

 section, i. 299. 



protection of stoniata from moisture, 



i. 298. 

 Casuarinese, Australian, switch-plants, i. 330, 



376. 



— chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 413. 



— chlorenchyma, and stomates, i. 332. 



— little shadow from, i. 336. 



Catalpa, opening and closing of stigma, ii. 281. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



Catalpa syringEefolia, thermal constants, i. 



559, 560. 

 Catanauche, protection of pollen from rain, 



ii. 112. 

 Catanauche ccerulea, duration of blossoming, 



ii. 218. 

 Catapult^fruits, ii. 840. 

 Catasetum, ii. 738. 



Catasetum tridentatum, discharge of pol- 

 linia, details, ii. 270. 



pollination, flower and parts, ii. 269. 



Caterpillars and Cordyceps, ii. 680. 



— as hosts, i. 168. 



— hosts of Entomophthoreae, ii. 672. 



— protection against, ii. 445. 

 Cathartolinum, guides to houey, ii. 249. 

 Catingas, of Brazil, i. 356. 



Catkin, i. 739. 



Cat's-foot. See Gnaphalium dioicum. 



Cattle, anthrax in, i. 163. 



Cattleya, ii. 738. 



Cattleya labiata, dui-ation of flowering, ii. 214. 



Caucalis daucoides, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Caucasus, plants of, i. 316. 

 Caudex, i. 655, 710. 



— characteristic examples, i. 712. 



— tliorns and leaf -sheaths, i. 714. 

 Caulerpa, habit, species, &c., ii. 645. 



— structure and light, i. 388. 

 Caulescent Violas, cleistogaray, ii. 393. 

 Cauliflower, nature of, ii. 553. 

 Cauline buds, shoots, &c ., ii. 28. 

 Caulis. See Stalk. 



Caulis herbaceus, i. 715. 

 Caulis suffruticosus, i. 715. 

 Cauloma. See Caudex. 

 Caulomes, underground, of Saprophytes, and 

 food-absorption, i. 114. 



Caulotretus, hosts of Eafflesiaceie iu Venez- 

 uela, i. 200. 



— undulation of stem, i. 735. 

 Cavanillesia tuberculata, Brazilian Catingas, 



i. 656. 

 Cavern Moss. See Schistostega. 

 Cavities, grooves, &c., in leaves, for collection 



of water, i. 230. 

 Caylusea, ovary, ii. 75. 

 Cecidium, proposed application of term, ii. 



528. 

 Cecidomyia, escape of larvie from gaUs, ii. 



538. 



— gall-gnats, ii. 534. 



Cecidomyia Artemisise, gall on Artemisia 



campestris, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Asperulse, galls on Asperula, ii. 



545. 

 Cecidomyia cerris, on leaf of Turkey Oak, ii. 



534. 

 Cecidomyia cratsegi, galls on Crataegus, ii. 

 546. 



possibility of transmitting effects, ii. 554. 



Cecidomyia Ericse, galls on Erica, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Galii, galls on Galium, ii. 545. 

 Cecidomyia genisticola, galls on Genista 



tinctoria, ii. 546. 

 Cecidomyia Loti, bud-gaUs on Lotus coruicu- 



latus, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia phyteumatis, bud-galls on Phy- 



teuma orbiculare, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia rosaria, cluster-galls on Salix, ii. 



546. 

 Cecidomyia scoparise, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Sisymbrii, galls on various Cru- 



ciferse, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia urticje, gall on nettle-leaf, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia Verbasci, bud-galls on Verbas- 



cum, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia Veronicis, galls on Veronica 



chamjedrys, ii. 546. 

 Cecidoses Eremita, escape of larva, ii. 539. 



galls on Duvana, ii. 534, 537. 



Cecropia peltata, myrmecophilous, ii. 233. 



Cedrela, seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Cedrela odorata, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cedrela Toona, ii. 423. 



Cedrus, ii. 721. 



Cedrus atlantica, ii. 725. 



Cedrus Deodara, Asia Minor, ii. 725. 



freezing, i. 546. 



Cedrus Libani, ii. 725. 



age and height, i. 722. 



Celandine. See Chelidonium majus. 

 Celandine, Lesser. See Ranunculus ficaria. 

 Celastrineee, aril in, ii. 425. 

 Celastrus, Brazilian, capsule-gall, ii. 539. 

 Celastrus scandens, weaving stem, i. 672. 

 Cell, laticiferous, i. 470. 



— naked, imfortunate term, i. 26. 



— observations of Brown and Mohl (1830- 



1840), i. 14. 



— original meaning, i. 22. 



— partition-wall, i. 26. 



— shapes, i. 374; cf. PI. I. 



— the, a minature chemical laboratory, i. 16. 



— wall of, early views, i. 23. 

 Cell-aggregates, various comparisons of, i. 27. 

 Cell-cavities, connecting passages between, 



i. 45. 

 Cell-chambers, i. 27. 

 Cell-comple.xes, sorts of,-i. 586, 587. 

 Cell-contents, attraction of water by, i. 229. 

 Cell-division, i. 573. 



details, i. 580 et seq. 



in Spirogyra, ii. 657. 



Cell-formation, free, nature of, i. 575. 

 Cell-membrane, a sieve, i. 57. 



assumed structure, i. 57. 



correct view of, i. 14. 



diffusion through, i. 59. 



elastic, i. 59. 



imbibition of water, i. 58. 



modifications of, i. 43. 



— — of Diatoms, i. 40. 



— — penetrability of, i. 58. 



permeability in absorption-cells, i. 226. 



