938 



INDEX. 



Ohara fragilis, structure and reproduction, 



ii. 660. 

 Chara rudis, great lime accumulator, i. 260. 

 Chara stelligera, starch stars, ii. 660. 

 CharaceiE, i. 424; ii. 606. 



— apical-cell, division, i. 578. 



— fossil, fruits, ii. 661. 



— lime deposition, strengthening, i. 425 



— structure and reproduction, ii. 659. 

 Characium, nature of, ii. 639. 

 Charales, ii. 659. 



Cheilanthus odora, rolling up of frond, i. 314. 

 Cheiranthus Cheiri, possible cause of doub- 

 ling, ii. 554. 



scent, ii. 201. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Chelidonium, autogamy, ii. 341. 



— ovary, ii. 76. 



Chelidonium majus, caruncle, ii. 425. 



epiphylloiis buds, ii. 43. 



latex, i. 470. 



Chemical alEnity, i. 58. 

 Chenopodiaceae, ii. 468. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— embryo, ii. 422. 



— exstipulate, ii. 749. 

 Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, i. 450. 

 Chenopodium Quinoa, endosperm, ii. 750. 

 Cherleria sedoides, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Chermes, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 

 Chermes abietis, and gall formation, ii. 534, 



544, 551. 

 Cherry, Dwarf. See Prumis ChamcBcerasus. 



— protection, ii. 446. 

 Cherry-g\mi, source, i. 458. 

 Chervil. See Chcerophyllum. 

 Chestnut. See Castanea. 



Chickweed, common. See Stellaria media. 

 Chili Pine. See Araiwaria imbricata. 

 Chinese, and artificial crossing, ii. 555. 



— galls, ii. 535. 



— Primrose. See Primula sinensis. 



— Tree of Heaven. See Ailanthus glandu- 



losa. 

 Chirita sinensis, eplphyUous buds, ü. 43. 

 Chironomus and Aristolochia Clematitis, ii. 



244. 



— and Arum Italicum, ii. 165. 

 Chitiuous insects, protection against, ii. 237. 

 Chives. See A Ilium Schcenoprasum. 

 Chlaraydomonadeaä, description, ii. 628. 

 Chlaraydomouas, reproduction, ii. 629. 



— vacuoles of swarm-spore, i. 30. 

 Chlamydospore and teleutospore, ii. 684. 

 Chlamydospores, in Hemiasci, ii. 674. 



— nature of, ii. 685. 



— of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Hemibasidii, ii. 674. 



— of Mucor, ii. 673. 

 Chloraugium, life-cycle, ii. 635. 

 Chloranthy. See .«4 ntholysis. 

 Chlorenchyma, of switch-plants, i. 331. 



— transpiring tissue, i. 278. 

 Chlorine, i. 83. 



— in ash of plants, i. 66. 

 Chlorochytrium Lemme, habitat, life-history, 



ii. 637. 

 Chlorophyoese, ii. 606. 



— alliances of, ii. 620. 



— biological importance, ii. 627. 



— description, ii. 627. 



— reproduction, ii. 62S. 

 Chlorophyll, i. 460. 



— absence not essential character of sapro- 



phytes, i. 103. 



— and depth of water, i. 387. 



— and light, i. 391 ; ii. 510. 



— distribution in mesophyll, i. 279. 



— fluorescence and function, i. 519. 



— in aerial roots, i. 754. 



— in AlgK, i. 375. 



— in cotyledons, i. 622. 



— in cotyledons and endosperm of Mistletoe, 



i. 206. 



— in relation to saprophytism, i. 102. 



— in roots, i. 766. 



— iron necessary for formation of, i. 67. 



Chlorophyll, jnodus operandi, i. 379. 



— presence in all members, i. 375. 



— properties, composition, ash, theories 



about, i. 372. 



— protection, i. 390. 

 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, action on carbonic 



acid, i. 60. 



and decomposition of carbonic acid, &c., 



i. 63, 465, 371. 



and streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



arrangement, i. 375. 



changes in autumn leaves, i. 486. 



composition and activity, i. 430. 



function, general considerations, i. 377. 



in motile protoplasts, i. 30. 



in protonema of Luminous Moss, i. 385. 



movements, i. 380. 



of Floridea3, i. 390. 



protean properties, i. 381. 



shape, &c., i. 42, PI. I. 



situation in cell, shape, multiplication, 



number, i. 371, 373. 



starch-grains in, i. 459. 



Chlorophytum comosum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 820. 



Cholera, i. 162, 163, 265, 506. 



Cholera Bacterium. See SpirochcBte cholerce 

 asiaticce. 



Chondrilla, geitonogaray, Ü. 319. 



Chondrioderma difforme, life-history, i. 572. 



Christiauia, time of flowering, i. 518. 



Chromatophore, behaviour in Mougeotiacese, 

 ii. 658. 



— fate in male gamete of Spirogyra, ü. 658. 



— of Chlamydomonas, ii. 629. 



— of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640. 



— of Pediastrum, ii. 639. 



— reduction in male gametes, ii. 633. 

 Chromatophores of Conjugatce, ii. 654. 



— of Desmids, ii. 655. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 



— of Spirogyra, ii. 654. 

 ChroococcaceiB, as lichen-algae, ii. 692. 



— characteristic genera, ii. 621. 

 Chroococcus, alga of Cora, ii. 695. 

 Chroococcuscinnamomeus,brick-redpatches, 



i. 105. 



Chroolepidese, symbionts of Lichens, dis- 

 persal, i. 246. 



Chrysanthemum and ancient crossing, i. 555. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, effect of 

 mutilation, ii. 517. 



Chrysobalanus, flower, ii. 293, 779. 



Chrysosplenium, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, 

 ii. 92. 



Chrysosplenium altemifolium, autogamy, ii. 

 379. 



Chytridese, microscopic parasites, i. 169. 



— selection of host, i. 171. 

 Chytridiacese, ii. 606, 668. 



— characters, Ü. 671. 



— sporangia and spores, ii. 17. 

 Chytridium 011a, life-history, i. 170. 

 sporangia, &c., ii. 17. 



swarm-spore development, ii. 669. 



Cibotium, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Cicada and cuckoo-spit, ii. 490, 544. 

 Cichorium, protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Cichorium Intybus, latitude and closing, ii. 



217, 218. 

 Cicuta virosa, absorptive cells of, i. 91. 

 Cider, i. 507. 

 Cilia, fate of, i. 31. 



— of Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— of swarm-spores, ii. 17. 



— of Vaucheria clavata, i. 24. 



— sorts of, i. 29. 



— vibratile, function of, i. 57. 

 Cilissa, sheltering in flowers, ii. 163. 

 Cimicifuga, colouredstamen-filaments,ii. 183. 



— nectaries, ii. 179. 

 Cimicifuga foetida, scent, ii. 202. 

 Cinchona, capsule, ii. 431. 



— seed, ii. 423. 

 Cincinnus, i. 738. 



OincUdotus riparius, as mud-collector, i. 

 267. 



Cinnamomum, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— f OSSÜ, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— venation, i. 629. 

 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, ii. 752. 

 Cinnamyl-alcohol, scent, ii. 200. 

 CinnyridEe, and transference of pollen, ii. 247. 

 Ciuquefoil. See Potentilla. 



— Marsh. See Comarum palustre. 

 Cinquefoils, vernation, i. 350. 

 Circaea, poUen-grains, ii. 99, 101, 102. 

 Circiea alpina, absorptive cells and food- 

 absorption, i. 114. 



autogamy, ii. 343, 344. 



flower, ii. 236. 



fruit, ii. 343. 



habitat, i. 110. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 343. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



tubers, ii. 796. 



Circaja Lutetiana, hooked fruit, ii. 871. 

 Circumnutatiou, nature of, i. 684. 

 Cirrhus foliar! s, &c., i. 692, 694. 

 Cirsium, distribution of sexes, ii. 299. 



— hybrids, ii. 558, 585. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 



— variation in hybrids, ii. 593. 



Cirsium affine, vegetative propagation, ii. 

 459. 



Cirsimn aquUonare, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium arvense, and bud-gaUs of Urophora 

 cardui, ii. 543. 



and Puccinia suaveolens, ii. 525. 



&c., scent, ii. 202. 



shade and growth, ii. 506. 



Cirsium Erisithales and C. palustre, hybrids, 

 ii. 559. 



Cirsium heterophyllum and C. canum, two- 

 coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



and C. oleraceum, hybrid between, ii. 



459. 



— — and C. spinosissimum, hybrid from, ii. 



459. 



Cirsium Linkianum, ii. 560. 



Cirsium nemorale, i. 436. 



deciduous plumes, ii. 860. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cirsium ochroleucum, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium oleraceum and C. heterophyllum, 

 hybrids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium Paunonicum and C. Erisithales, hy- 

 brids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium purpureum, vegetative propagation, 

 ii. 458. 



Cirsium spinosissimum, i. 450. 



coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Cirsium tataricum, hybrid of C. canum x C. 

 oleraceum, ii. 586. 



Cissus, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— host of Rafflesias, i. 200. 



— tendrils, i. 694, 697, 699. 



— plants, used as vegetable springs, i. 271. 

 Cissus Veitchii. See Vitis inconstaus. 

 Cistus, aestivation, ii. 210. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— duration of flowers, ii. 214. 



— hairs, i. 323. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— protection of pollen, ii, 124. 



— shrubs, hosts of Cytinus Hypocistus, i. 



204. 



— sticky forms, ii. 235. 



Cistus Clusii, &c., varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Cistus Creticus, opening and closing, ii. 212. 

 Cistus laurifolius, vamish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Citric acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



Citron, oil of, ii. 203. 



— of Florence. See Citrus medica. 



— scent, ii. 203. 



Citrus, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 - hybrids, ii. 569. 



— receptacle, i. 746. 

 Citrus medica, ii. 569. 



