INDEX. 



939 



Clack-valves, bordered pits compared to, i. 



277. 

 Cladode, i. 332, 333, 353. 



— prickly, i. 434. 



Cladonia, fruticose lichen, ii. 694. 



Cladonia coccifera, ii. 694. 



Cladouia furcata and Protococcus, i. 245, 



693. 

 Cladonia macilenta, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladonia pyxidata, PI. XV., Ü. 694. 

 Cladonia raiigiferina, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladophora, coutiniial cell-division, i. 581. 



— life-history, ii. 651. 



— reticular, i. 586. 



— wide distribution, ii. 651. 

 Cladophoracese, characteristic features, ii. 



651. 

 Cladrastis lutea, scent, ii. 201. 

 Clamp-cells, of Orchid roots, i. 220. 

 Clandestina, nectar}-, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Clandestina rectiflora, geitonogamy, ii. 331. 

 Clarkia, viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Clarkia pulchella, abortive stamens, ii. 294. 

 Clary, Wild, Salvia Verbenaca, section of 



petiole, i. 22. 

 Classification and evolution of plants, ii. 607. 



— basis of, i. 6. 



— early methods, ii. 600. 



— of De Jussieu (1789) and De Candolle (1813), 



i. 15; ii. 602, 603. 



— of galls, ii. 528. 



— of plants, basis of Linnean System, ü. 86. 



— outline of, ii. 617. 



— principles of, i. 15. 

 Clathrocystis, habitat, ii. 621. 

 Clathrus, glelja, ii. 691. 

 Clathrus canceUatus, ii. 690. 

 Clatroptychiuni, i. 573. 

 Clavaria, spore-formation, ii. 20. 



— structure, i. 589. 



Clavaria aurea, i. 112; ii. 21, 685, 688. 

 Clavaria insequalis, ii. 688. 

 Clavariie, hymenium, ü. 688. 

 Claviceps, ii. 680. 



— asci and ascospores, ii. 19, 680. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 827. 

 Claviceps purpurea, ii. 680. 



localized attack, i. 168. 



spore-dispersal, i. 461. 



Claw, of petal, ii. 87. 

 Clay, i. 83. 



Claytonia perfoUata, autogamy, ii. 365 

 Cleavage planes and strife, i. 568. 

 Cleistogamous flowers and habitat, ii. 394. 



characteristics, ii. 392. 



Cleistogamy, nature of, ii. 391. 

 Clematis, forced shoot, i. 564. 



— liane-like, i. 670. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— tendrils, i. 692, 694. 



Clematis Flammula, plumed achenes, ii. 858. 



pocket^galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis integrifolia, autogamy, ii. 349. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Clematis recta, pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis Vitalba, nectarless, ii. 167. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Cleome ornithopodiodes, carnivorous in 

 minor degree, i. 156. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236. 



Clerodendron fistulosum, myrmecophilous, 

 ii. 233. 



Clerodendron sanguineum, colour-contrast 

 in flower, ii. 191. 



Clianthus Dampieri, Australian, leaf, diur- 

 nal positions, i. 534. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



Clianthus puniceus, propagation by leaf- 

 cuttings, ii. 41. 



Climate and distribution, ii. 1, 879. 



— and opening and closing of anthers, ii. 124. 



— and protection of pollen from wet, ii. 106. 



— effect on fall of leaf, i. 355. 



— in relation to hairiness, i. 319. 



— negative in origin of species, ii. 594. 



Climatic conditions and flower-production, 

 ii. 474. 



great variability of, correlation of plant 



structure to, i. 284. 

 Climatology and plant development, i. 564. 

 Climbers, perennial, mechanical tissue, i. 733. 

 Climbing aroids, ii. 744. 

 Chmbing hooks of Hop, i. 688. 

 Climbing Palm. See Desmoncus. 

 Climbing Palms, ii. 741. 



height, &c., ii. 740. 



CUmbing plants and lateral pressure, i. 475. 



formerly held to be parasites, i. 159. 



leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



Climbing stem, application of term, i. 671. 



characteristics, i. 700. 



Climbing stems, transitional condition, i. 708. 

 Clinging fruits, ii. 867. 



Clinging roots, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Clinopodium vulgare, distribution of sexes, 



ii. 300. 

 Clip-mechanism, of Asclepiad poUinia, ii. 



258. 

 Clivia, ii. 734. 

 Clivia nobilis, vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 



96. 

 Clock, floral, of Linnaäus, ii. 215. 

 Closterium, PI. I., ii. 55. 



— movement, ii. 654. 



— swarming granules in, PI. I., i. 35. 

 Closterium Lunula, i. 35 ; ii. 492, 655. 

 Cloudberry. See Rubus Chamcemorus. 

 Clover. See Trifolium. 

 Clover-Dodder. See Cuscuta Trifolii. 

 Cloves, oil of, ii. 200. 



— origin of, ii. 782. 

 Clove-scent, ii. 201. 



Club-moss, Alpine. See Lycopodiwn al- 



2>inum. 

 Club-mosses, description, ii. 713. 

 Club-tops. See Clavance. 

 Clusia alba, lattice formation, i. 680. 



root-hairs and earth particles, i. 87. 



Clusia rosea, recently considered a vampire, 



i. 159. 

 Clusiacese, lattice formation, i. 678, 681. 



— roots, i. 756, 761. 



Clusius, a Belgian, first travelling botanist, 

 i. 5. 



— Historise Plantarum, ii. 1. 



— system of classification, ii. 601. 

 Cluster-gall, ii. 542, 545. 



Clypeola Messanensis, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Coat, of ovule, i. 644. 



C'obaea, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Cobiea scandens, autogamy, ii. 384. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



flower, ii. 240. 



flower and autogamy, ii.,385. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98, 100, 102, 127. 



tenchril, i. 697. 



Cobalt, in dust, i. 81. 



Cocain, i. 462. 



Coccocarpia molybdfea, ii. 693. 



structure, i. 245. 



Coccoloba platyclada, Solomon Islands, i. 334. 



Cocconema Cistula, ii. 626. 



Cochlearia Armoracia, heterogamy advan- 

 tageous, ii. 578. 



Cochlearia fenestraUs, Siberia, cold resist- 

 ance, i. 543. 



Cochlearia Greenlandica, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Cochlearia oflicinalis, cold resistance, i. 543. 



Cock's-foot Grass. See Dactylis. 



Cock's-tail Alga. See Spiro-phyton. 



Cocoa-nut, Double, ii. 740. 



Cocoa-nut Palm. See Cocos nvcij'era. 



Cocos nucifera, dimensions, i. 712 ; ii. 451. 



Codiaceoe, characteristics of tballus in, ii. 645. 



Codiura, colonies, i. 585. 



Codium tomentosum, British, ii. 646. 



Coelanthe, autogamy in, ii. 372. 



Ccelebogyne ilicifolia, parthenogenesis, ii. 466. 



Coelenterates and Pleurococcaoeie, ii. 637. 



Coeloblasteas, ii. 606. 



Coeloglossum and Orchis, hybridization, ii. 

 583. 



Coelogyne plantaginea, ovarian hairs, ii. 81. 



ovary, ii. 83. 



Coenobe, of Volvox, ii. 635. 



Coffea, embryo, cotyledons, i. 600. 



Cohesion, i. 58. 



Cohn, classification of Thallophytes, ii. 606. 



Cohort, of Braun, ii. 605. 



— subdivision of class, ii. 617. 

 Colchicaceie, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Colchicum, autogamy, ii. 372. 



— extrorse anthers, ii. 95. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— protection of pollen from rain, ii. 112. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— styles, i. 645. 

 Colchicum auturanale, ii. 729. 



autogamy and heterostylism, ii. 374. 



depth of corms, i. 552. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



— — nectaries, ii. 175. 

 odourless, i. 431. 



opening of flowers and growth, ii. 220. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



starch, i. 459. 



Cold, elf ect on various plants, i. 543. 

 Coleocha^te, cilia of, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 653. 



— relationship to Floridese, Ü. €54. 

 Coleochasteaj, ii. 606. 



— as Lichen-alga3, ii. 693. 

 Coleosporium senecionis, heteroecism, ii. 686. 

 Coleus, and cold, i. 545. 



Collective and aggregate fruits, ii. 437. 

 Collective fruit, ii. 436, 438. 

 CoUema, distribution of alga in, ii. 694. 

 CoUema pulposum, ii. 694. 



a gelatinous Lichen, surface view and 



section, i. 244. 

 CoUemacese, nutrition, i. 81. 

 CoUenchyma, in perennial twining stems, i. 

 733. 



— nature and properties, i. 231, 726. 

 CoUetia, leaves and phyUoclades, i. 334, 335 



434. 

 CoUinsonia Canadensis, autogamy, ii. 350. 

 CoUomia, seed-cement, i. 615. 



— seed-dispersal, il. 838. 



Colocasia, arrangement of foliage-leaves, i. 



93. 

 Colocasia antiquorum, inflorescence, &c., ii. 



742. 

 Colonies of plants, isolated, examples, i. 528. 

 Colony, application of term, i. 585. 

 Colour and elevation, ii. 511. 



— of hybrids, ii. 566. 



— of water, i. 388. 



Colour-contrast in flowers, ii. 184, 189, 190, 



191, 193. 

 Coloured fruits and seeds, ii. 865. 

 Columella, in Anthocerotaceai, ii. 698. 



— of Moss-capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Splachuum, ii. 703. 



Column, marble, near Castle of Ambras, 



Lichens on, i. 247. 

 Column of Epipogiura aphyllum, ii. 226. 



— of Orchid as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— of Orchid ovary, ii. 253. 



— of Phalsenopsis Schilleriana, ii. 227. 

 Columniferje, of Brauu, ii. 605. 



Colutea arborescens, isolated colonies, i. 



528. 

 Comarum palustre, colour of sepals, ii. 183. 



creeping stem, i. 662. 



Combined girders, of stems, i. 728. 

 Comfrey. See Symphytum. 

 Comma-bacillus, of cholera, i. 163. 

 Commelyna coelestis, autogamy, ii. 357. 

 Commelynaceai, calcium oxalate crystals, i. 



570. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Compass plants, i. 337. 



Complexity and higher development, Ü. 598. 

 Compositse, ii. 599, 765. 



— absorbent 'eat-teeth, i. 238. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— autogamy in, ii. 359, 363, 372. 



