INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, dissemination of spores, i. 246. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as parasites, i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar by, i. 257. 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— Foliaceous, habit of, i. 244. 



— force of hyphal threads, i. 513. 



— forming rings, ii. 793. 



— Fruticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244; ii. 694. 



— hyph;e and Alga;, ii. 693. 



— on Loranthus, i. 212. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &o., i. 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispersal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244 ; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, i. 

 394. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and direction of branching, i. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



— effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat, i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Lignin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 

 530. 



of Compositse, ii. 114. 



Ligule, function in arundinaceous plants, i. 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligustrum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



Witches' Broom galls, ii. 548. 



Lilac. See Stjringa vulgaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliaceje, dehiscence of poUen-saos, ii. 93. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



— general characters, ii. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



— polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 Lilifloi'eai, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



Lilioideee, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Lilium, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



Lilium album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulbiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Lilium Carniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Chalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



leaf-movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating poUen-grains, 



Ü. 409. 



LUium Martagon, stomata, i. 339. 



Lilium tigrinum, stamen of green flower, ii. 

 86. 



Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria majalis. 



Lime. See Tilia. 



Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, 1. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i. 67. 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Ohara, ii. 6ü0. 



in CodiaceiB, ii. 645. 



— ^ of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of, i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorption- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, c&c, i. 234. 



— protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



— humus on, ii. 499. 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobium moUe, habitat, as mud-coUector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosellaaquatica,sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, aestivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Linaria alpina, flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53. 



Linaria genistifolia, ii. 560. 



Linaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 

 own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 

 weather, ii. 448. 



Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 



Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 

 lished liybrid of, ii. 591. 



Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 



Linaria vulgaris, and animals, i. 432. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Calluna vulgaris. 



Linnsea borealis, cress-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



— — scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 870. 



Linnieus and hermaphrodite flowers, ii. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii. 486. 



— floral clock, ii. 215. 



— on varieties, in Philosophia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of classification, i. 6; ii. 601. 

 Liunean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



classes 11, 12, 17, 21, ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ii. 292. 



first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum cathartioum, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflorum, withering of corolla 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opening, ii. 



213. 



Linum usitatissimum, cluster-galls on, ii. 547. 



uon-ailaptability, i. 393. 



Linum viscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 

 213. 



guides to honey, ii. 249. 



Liquidambar, pistillate flower, monoecia, ii. 

 293. 



— stamiuate flower, monoecia, ii. 293. 

 Liquorice. See Gl ycyrrhiza. 

 Liriodendron, fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 

 Liriodendron tulipifera, leaf -unfolding, 1. 



352. 



— — pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protective stipules, i. 626. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Listera, insect-visitors, ii. 256. 



— labellum, ii. 254. 



Listera ovata, allurement of insects, ii. 206. 

 Lithium in plants, i. 68. 

 Lithophytes, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 367. 



— dust-catchers, i. 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water surrender, i. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 56. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic acid, i. 61. 

 Lithospermum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Lithospermum arvense, autogamy, ii. 332. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum, stolons, 



i. 663. 

 Lithothamuese, lime deposition and resis- 

 tance, i. 425. 

 Lithothamnia, as marine lime-accumulators, 



i. 261. 

 Littorella lacustris, offshoots, ii. 456. 



resemblance to Isoetes lacustris, ii. 717. 



Liverworts. See Htpaticce. 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Juncus, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis hircina. 



Loasacese, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobelia Dortnianui, resemblance to Isoetes 



lacustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, ii. 196. 

 Lobeliace:e, ii. 767. 



Lobularia nummularia, autogamy, ii. 339. 

 Lobiüaria nummularijefolia, flowers and 



young fruits, ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonia Siliqua, ii. 



535. 

 Lodicule, of Graminese, ii. 746. 

 Lodoicea Sechellarum, fruit, ii. 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., BlUtenbiologische Floristik, ii. 



399. 

 Loganiacece, ii. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distribution, i. 302. 



— rolled leaves, i. 302. 



Loiseleuria. See also Azalea procumhcns. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, ii. 207. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 738. 



— nectaries, ii. 177, 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— twining stem, i. 681. 



— twisting of internodes, i. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigena, flower-opening constant, 



i. 559. 



nectary, ii. 178. 



pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse twining, i. 



685. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



opening of flower, ii. 211. 



scent, ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx Convolvuli, ii. 208. 



— — twining, i. 689. 



Lonicera ciliosa, example of non-parasitic 



creeper, i. 160. 

 Lonicera coerulea, cyme, i. 746. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Lonicera Etrusca, flower, ii. 227. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



Lonicera fragrantissima, reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



