966 



INDEX. 



Pandanus, stUt-roots, mechanical tissue, i. 



761. 

 Pandanus utUis, i. 758 ; ii. 745. 

 Pandorina, structure, ii. 632. 

 Paudorineaj, ii. 606. 

 Pansy. See Viola tricolor. 

 Papaver, capsule, ii. 432. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— preservation of stamens in Egj-ptian 



graves, i. 262. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



Papaver alpinum, protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Papaver Rhceas, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 

 Papaver somniferum, abode for flies and 

 beetles, ii. 163. 



floral markings, ii. 190. 



possible cause of doubling, ii. 554. 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Papaveracese, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 

 Paphiopedilium (Cypripedium) caudatum, 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Papilionacese, estivation of, ii. 210. 



— and insect visits, ii. 210. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— floral structure, ii. 228. 



— genera with explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— hairiness, i. 318. 



— leaf-tendrils, i. 692. 



— pollen expulsion by piston-apparatus, ii. 



260. 



— protandrous dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



— switch-plants in, i. 330. 



— unfruitful artificial autogamy in, ii. 406. 

 Papulae, protection of stomata from wetting 



by, i. 293. 

 Pappus, nature and function, ii. 434. 



— of achenes, ii. 432. 



— of Senecio viscosus and autogamy, ii. 364. 

 Papyrus, manufacture, ii. 746. 



Papynis antiquorum, Upper Nile, ii. 746. 

 Paracelsus, Bombastus, S\viss alchemist 



(1493-1541), i. 2. 

 Parachutes, on seeds and fruits, ii. 855. 

 Parallelodromous venation, i. 634. 

 Paraphyses, of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Moss, ii. 15. 



Parasite and host, intimacy of connection 

 between, in Lophophytum, i. 194. 



— application of term and former views con- 



cerning, i. 159. 



— intimate union with host in Orobanchese, 



i. 184. 

 Parasites, absorption of carbon-dioxide, i. 

 63. 



— distinctive properties of, i. 161. 



— non-green, nutrition, i. 466. 



— on parasitic members of the same family 



or genus, i. 213. 



— sorts of, i. 161. 



— source of carbon, i. 63. 

 Parasitic action, of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— Fungi, and form alteration, ii. 518. 



— Phanerogams, embryo, ii. 421. 



— root, i. 752. 



— thaUophytes, formation of brood-bodies, 



ii. 25. 

 Parasitism, difiiculty of determination, i. 243. 



— of Monotropa roots, on fungal hyphse, 



i. 253. 

 Parastichies, and torsion, i. 406. 

 Parenchyma, cortical, i. 469. 



— spongy, functions, i. 473. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



Parietales, ii. 774. 



Parietaria, cross-fertilization, ii. 306. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 



Parietaria oflicinalis, protogynous flowers, ii. 



307. 

 Paris quadrifolia, autogamy, ii. 341. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Parkia, pollen-chambers, ii. 90. 



Pannelia saxatUis, a Foliaceous Lichen, i. 



245. 

 Parnassia, nectaries, ii. 178. 

 Parnassia palustris, cross-fertilization, ii. 

 307. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



flower, ii. 249. 



illumination and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 251. 



scent during day, ii. 209. 



structiu'e of underground stem, i. 736. 



venation, i. 633. 



Paronychia KapeUa, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 

 Parsley Fem. See AUosorus crispus. 

 Parthenogenesis, a special case of offshoot 



formation, ii. 468. 



— discussion of true nature in Phanerogams, 



ii. 467. 



— in Mucorini, ii. 673. 



— in Saprolegniacese, ii. 671. 



— nature of, ii. 44. 

 Parthenogonidia, of Volvox, ii. 634. 

 Partners, of Lichen communities, i. 244. 

 Pasque Flower. See Pulsatilla. 

 Passiflora cirrhiflora, tendrils, i. 694. 

 Passiflora gracilis, tendril, i. 697. 

 Passiflora Kermesina, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Passiflorales, ii. 785. 



Path-finders, name applied to floral mark- 

 ings, ii. 190. 



of flowers, ii. 232. 



Paullinia, tendrils, i. 694. 



Paulownia, scent, ii. 202. 



Paulownia imperialie, inflorescence, i. 746. 



Pavia, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Pea. See Pisum. 



Pear-trees, deciduous protective hairs, i. 354. 



Peat, unfavourable for Fungi, i. 102. 



Peat-moors,characteristicvegetation,ancient 



and modem, ii. 612. 

 Pedalium murex, spinose fruit, ii. 875. 

 Pedate venation, i. 633. 

 Pediastrum, life-history, ii. 639. 

 Pediastrum granulatum, ii. 640. 



thallidia, ii. 24. 



Pedicularis, effect on host, &c., i. 179. 



— heterogamy, ii. 377. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— roots of parasitic species, i. 760. 

 Pedicularis incarnata, anthocyanin, i. 522. 

 autogamy, ii. 375. 



Pedicularis recutita, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 272. 



Pedicularis rostrata, pollen-sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Pelargonium, radical buds, ii. 28. 



— thick cuticle of capitate cells, i. 230. 

 Pelargonium atrum, crepuscular perfume, ii. 



208. 



periodic perfume, ii. 242. 



scent, ii. 201. 



Pelargonium heterogamum, leaves and rain 



conduction, i. 95. 

 Pelargonium triste, and night visitors, ii. 197. 



crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



Peltaria aUiacea, anthocyanin, i. 520. 



Peltate leaf, venation, i. 632. 



Peltigera canina, FoUose Lichen, PI. XV., ii. 



694. 

 Pelvetia, ii. 664. 

 Pemphigus bursarius, galls on Poplar petioles, 



ii. 534. 

 Pemphigus comicularius, gall on Pistachia, 



ii. 534. 

 Pendent flowers and insect visitors, ii. 222. 

 Pendulous flowers and loss of heat, i. 529. 

 PeniciUium, fermentative action, i. 508. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 812. 



PeniciUium glaucum, spores and heat, i. 554. 



Penicillus, thallus, ii. 645. 



Penium, chlorophyll bodies, cf. PI. L, i. 373. 



Penium Brebissonii, ii. 492. 



Pennywort. See Lysiniuchia Nummularia. 



Penstemon, absorptive cells on root, i. 87. 



— cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Penstemon, protandrous, ii. 311. 

 Peperomia, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 Peperomia arifolia, situation of stomata, i. 



293. 

 Pepoues, ii. 785. 

 Peppermint-tree. See Eucalyptus amijrjdal- 



ina. 

 Pepsin, action, i. 465. 



— in Dioufea digestive secretion, i. 150. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 



— solvent of legumin, i. 458. 



Percussive apparatus, pollen distribution, ii. 



260. 

 Perennials, foliage-stems, i. 656. 



— light and growth, ii. 508. 



— procumbent, i. 661. 



— steppe and desert, heat resistance, i. 556. 

 Perfoliate, leaf, i. 595. 



Perianth, as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— functions, ii. 719. 

 Perianth-leaves, arrangement, i. 641. 

 Periblem, leaf origin, i. 649. 

 Pericarp, and dispersal, ii. 430. 



— changes in ripening, i. 462. 

 Perichietium of Mosses, ii. 65. 

 Periderm, i. 469. 



— buffer action, i. 474. 



— characteristics, i. 719. 

 Peridermium pini, ii. 686. 



nutrition of, i. 167. 



Peridine«;, description, ii. 625. 

 Peridium, of Gasteromycetes, ii. 689. 

 Ferine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Periodic movements and'giowth, ii. .220. 

 Perisperm, nature of, ii. 422. 

 Perisporiace», distinctive character, ii. 676. 

 Peristome, of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Moss sporogonium, ii. 15. 



— of Splachnum, ii. 703. 

 Perithecia, of C'laviceps, ii. 680. 



— of C'ordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Pyrenomycetes, ii. 678. 

 Peronospora parasitica, and Capsella Bursa- 



pastoris, ii. 525. 



and Crucifene, ii. 670. 



Peronospora violacea and stamens of Knaut ia 



arvensis, ii. 524. 

 Peronospora viticola, ii. 57. 670. 

 Peronosporeie, ii. 606. 



— life-history, ii. 56, 669. 



— spore-formation, ii. 22. 



Persian steppes, spinose shrubs, i. 435. 

 Persica vulgaris, cotyledons, i. 608. 

 Perspiring, of plants, i. 273. 

 Petals and autogamy, ii. 365. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 530. 



— chlorophyll in, i. 376. 



— origin, ii. 86. 



— withering after pollination, ii. 286. 

 Petasites, flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 



652. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 

 Petioles, twisting of, i. 417. 



"Petites especes", replace one another, ii. 



884. 

 " Petit grain ", from Orange leaves, i. 461. 

 Petiveria, unequal cotyledons, i. 622. 

 Petroselinum sativum, schizocarp, ii. 427. 

 Petunia, propagation of hybrids, ii. 556. 



— scent, ii. 202. 



Petunia violacea, nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 

 Peziza, spore-dispersal, ii. 825. 

 PezLza aeruginosa, cause of green-rot in trees, 

 i. 263. 



habitat, &c., ii. 682. 



Peziza scuteUata, ii. 682. 



Peziza vesiculosa, ii. 19, 683. 



Peziza Willkommii, effect on host, i. 168. 



on Larix Europa;a, ii. 522. 



Phaca, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 

 Phrenology and climatology, i. 565. 

 Pha3ophycea3, characteristics, ii. 661. 



— group of Thallophyta, ii. 620. 

 Phalajnopsis grandiflora, duration of flower- 

 ing, ii. 214. 



Phalajnopsis Schilleriana, adherent roots, i. 

 107 



