INDEX, 



971 



Quercus Cerris and Erineum quercinum, ii. 

 529. 



and gall of Cecidomyla cerris, ii. 534,538. 



and spangle-galls of Neuroterus, ii. 541. 



staminal galls, ii. 540. 



Quercus pedunciüata, age, i. 720. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branob, ii. 435. 



infloresoences and flowers, ii. 298. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



numerous galls on, ii. 552. 



Quercus pendulina, bud-galls of Cy nips lucida, 



ii. 542. 

 Quercus pubescens, and gall of Cynips caput- 

 medusre, ii. 541. 



influence of Cynips polycera, ii. 550. 



Quercus sessiliflora, dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 435. 



galls on bract-scales, ii. 540. 



Quickset hedge, nature of, i. 673. 

 Quince. See Pyrus ci/donia. 

 Quinine, i. 462. 



R. 



" Race ", meaning of, ii. 581. 



Raceme, i. 738. 



Rachis, application of term, i. 737. 



— developed into spine, i. 447. 

 Radiation and leaf-movements, i. 532. 

 Radicle, behaviour in Mistletoe, i, 206. 

 Radiolaria and Chlorella, symbiotic, ii. 637. 

 Radiolarii«, symbiosis with plants, i. 254 

 Radix palaris, i. 760. 



Raffia Ruflii, inflorescence, i. 745. 

 Rafflesia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



— mycehum-like tissue in host, i. 200. 

 Rafliesia Arnoldii, flower, description of, &c., 



i. 203. 

 Rafliesia Padma, Java, size and description 



of flowers, i. 203. 

 Rafflesia Schadenbergiana, size of flowers, 



ii. 185. 

 Rafliesiace;«, ii. 755. 



— anthocyaniu, i. 483. 



— flower-stalk origin, i. 736. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— only European representative, i. 204. 



— parasitic on trunks and branches, i. 201. 

 Rafflesise, disagreeable odour, i. 199. 



— geographical distribution, niu Je of growth, 



size of flowers, &c., i. 203. 

 Ragwort. See Senecio. 

 Rain, agent in dispersal of offshoots, ii. 809. 



— and sensitive plants, i. 536. 



— carbon dio.^ide, sulphuric acid, and am- 



monia in, i. 79. 



— carbonic and nitric acid in, i. 370. 



— dust collector, i. 80. 



Rain-water, contrivances for retention of, i. 



156. 



irrigation of, i. 97. 



various modiflcations of cauline leaves 



for conduction, i. 95. 

 Ramalina reticulata, Fruticose Lichen, ii.694. 

 Ramondia, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 274. 

 Ramondia pyrenaica, stamen, ii. 91. 

 Rampion. See Phytetima. 

 Ranales, ii. 774. 



Ranunculace<e, autogamy in, ii. 345, 381. 



— dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. ""■ 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



— venation, i. 633. 



— Water, leaf-rosettes, i. 412. 

 Rauunculus, aquatic, aerial and submerged 



leaves, ii. 505. 

 pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— carpellary insect platform, ii. 229. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



Ranunculus acris, protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



Ranunculus alpestris, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



Ranunculus aquatilis, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



lime-iucmsting, i. 260. 



Ranunculus baldensis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



Ranunculus Baudotii, heterophyUous, i. 668. 



Ranunculus bulbosus, downward pull of 

 roots, i. 767. 



Ranunculus Ficaria, bud-like oflfshoots, ii. 

 459. 



colour of flowers, ii. 183. 



plant and tuber-like oflfshoots, ii. 460. 



tubers, i. 651. 



tubers dispersed by floods, ii. 810. 



Ranunculus fluitans, length, i. 388. 



Ranunculus glacialis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



flower, ii. 174. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



Ranunculus hololeucus, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



Kanuncidus Neapolitanus, roots, i. 760. 



Ranunculus pedatus, PI. VI. 



Raphanus, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



Raphanus sativus, cotyledons, i. 621. 



Raphe, of ovule, ii. 81. 



Raphia tsedigera, Brazil, size of leaves, i. 287. 



Raphides, i. 457. 



Raphidophora decursiva, ii. 743. 



climbing habit, ii. 745. 



Rariorum Plantarum Historia, by Clusius, 

 ii. 601. 



Raspberry. See Rubus Idceus. 



Ravenala, sheltering of pollen, ii. 108. 



Ravenala Madagascariensis, ii. 735. 



Rays, medullary, i. 468. 



Rays of spectrum, absorption, transforma- 

 tion, i. 379. 



Reauumria, salt on leaves and stem, i. 236. 



Recapitulation-theory, ii. 608. 



Receptacle, floral, i. 746. 



— honey secretion, i. 747. 



— in fruit-formation, ii. 435. 



— persistent, ii. 434. 



Red Currant. See Rihes rubrum. 



Red-rot, i. 264. 



Red Sea, reddened by Trichodesmium, i. 389. 



Red Sea-weeds. See Floi-ideie. 



Red Snow, ii. 627. 



Red-wood. See Sequoia serHpc rci'rcjjs. 



Reed. See Phragmites cotmnuiiis. 



Reed-like Grasses, wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Reed-mace. See Typlia latiJ'oUa. 



Reeds, contrivances for irrigation, i. 99. 



— type of community, ii. 888, 893. 

 Rehmanuia, pollen deposition, ii. 280. 

 Reindeer-moss. See Cladonia rancjiferina. 

 Rejuvenescence, of plants, i. 584. 

 Renovation without fertilization, ii. 45. 

 Replum, of siliqna, ii. 432. 

 Reproduction, kinds of, ii. 6. 



— of Chara fragilis, ii. 660. 



— very simple type in Chlamydomonas, ii. 



630. 



Reproductive organs, homologies in Phanero- 

 gams and VascularCryptogams, ii. 478. 



protection from loss of heat, i. 529. 



Reseda, ovary, ii. 73. 



Reseda odorata, artificial tree production, ii. 

 453. 



scent, ii. 200, 209. 



Resedacea;, ovary open, ii. 775. 



Reserve-buds, characteristics, ii. 34. 



distribution, ii. 31. 



Reserve materials, i. 459. 



and enzymes, i. 464. 



Reserve-tissue, food-stores, i. 598. 



of seeds, i. 599 ; ii. 422. 



Reservoirs, water, in leaves, i. 156. 



Residual substances in autunni leaves, i. 485. 



Resilient fruit-stalks and dispersal, ii. 840. 



Resin and preservation of fossil plants, ii. 

 612. 



— and protection of fruits, ii. 446. 

 Respiration and germination, i. 494. ] 



Respiration, chemistry of, i. 497. 



— heat development, i. 497. 



— in absence of oxygen, i. 504. 



— in dormant organs, i. 494. 



— in Mushrooms, i. 498. 



— measure of energy, i. 494. 



— modus operandi, i. 495. 



— of plants, impelling force, i. 492. 

 Respiratory cavity of stoma, i. 280. 



— heat and germination of seeds, i. 560. 

 Retama, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protection of stomata from moisture, i. 



298. 



— protective coat of wax, i. 292. 

 Retention of deposited pollen, ii. 279. 

 Rettenstein, slate mountains and character- 

 istic vegetation, ii. 495. 



Revolver-flowered Gentians, ii. 387. 



Revolver-flowers, ii. 249. 



Rhacomitrise, special absorptive cells of, i. 



218. 

 Rhamnus, drupe, ii. 428. 



— hybrids in, ii. 584. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



Rhamnus cathartica, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 299. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



scroH-galls of Trioza Rhamni, ii. 531. 



Rhamnus hybrida, behaviour of foliage, ii. 



574. 

 Rhamnus pumila, lattice-forming stem, i. 



678. 

 Rhamnus saxatilis, distribution of sexes, ii. 



299. 



spines, i. 443. 



Rhamnus tinctoria, distribution of sexes, ii. 



299. 

 Rhamnus Wulfenii, venation, i. 630. 

 Rheum, i. 94. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 328. 



— scale-leaves and earthing up, i. 625. 

 Rhinanthaoeai, geitonogamy, ii. 331. 



— hybrids among, ii. 585. 



— many parasitic, i. 176. 



— nectaries, ii. 174. 



— pollination, ii. 129. 



— relationships to Lathrrea, i. 181. 



— uniformity of venation, i. 635. 

 Rhinanthus, nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 110. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Rhinanthus angustifolius, flower, ii. 273. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 273. 



Rhipidopteris, distribution of sporangia, ii. 



706. 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, Mexico, two kinds of 



fronds, ii. 12. 

 Rhipsalis, on trees, i. 106. 

 Rhizidiomyces, life-cycle, ii. 671. 

 Rhizobium, fixation of free nitrogen, ii. 624. 

 Rhizobotrya alpina, autogamy, ii. 335. 

 Rhizocarps, description, ii. 709. 

 Rhizoids, absorption-cells of Mosses, &c., i. 



86. 



— mechanical changes due to, i. 265. 



— of Grimm ia apocarpa, disintegrating 



power, i. 258. 



— of Mosses, water absorbents, i. 219. 

 Rhizoma, application of term, i. 624. 

 Rhizome, nature of, i. 652. 

 Rhizomes, dimensions of, ii. 797. 

 Rhizomorphs, of Agaricus melleus, ii. 689 

 Rhizophora, columnar roots, i. 759. 



— compared to viviparous animal, ii. 450. 



— elevation by roots, i. 771. 



— germination, &c., i. 602. 



— habitat, i. 602. 



— no root-cap in marsh-inhabiting, i. 164. 



— roots, i. 756. 



Rhizophora conjugata, embryogeny, &c., i. 



602. 

 flower, fruit, seed and germination, i. 



603. 

 stilt-roots, structure, 1. 761. 



