INDEX. 



975 



Seeds, cold resistance, i. 544. 



— defensive arrangements, ii. 442. 



— dimensions of, ii. 839. 



— dispersal by birds, ii. 444. 



— germinating, i. 607. 

 force of, i. 516. 



temperatures, i. 557 ; ii. 488. 



— lieat resistance, i. 555. 



— lightness of, ii. 851. 



— number produced, ii. 878. 



— of Coniferse, ii. 442, 443. 

 dispersal, ii. 439. 



— of Orchids, structure, &c., i. 377. 



— of parasites, germination, i. 171. 



— propagation of hybrids by, ii. 556. 



— protection against wet, ii. 448. 



— resting of, i. 563. 



— rugged, fixation, i. 616. 



— size and weight, ii. 451. 



— vitality of, i. 51. 



— with reserve-tissue, ii. 422. 

 Selaginella, characteristics, ii. 477. 



— chlorophyll-granules, i. 373. 



— general structure, ii. 715. 



— sexual reproductive organs, ii. 69. 

 Selaginella Helvetica, inequality of leaves, 



i. 422. 



leaf-mosaic, i. 421. 



Selaginella selaginoides, British, ii. 715. 

 Selaginellacese, description, ii. 715. 

 Selection, natural, theory of, ii. 600. 

 Self-fertilization and dichogamy, ii. 314. 



of flowers, ii. 291. 



Self-pollination, occurrence, ii. 331. 

 Semi-shrubs, spines of, i. 444. 

 Sempervivum, and animals, i. 432. 



— leaf -rosettes, i. 410. 



— stolons, i. 663. 



Sempervivum hirtum, attacked by Eudo- 



phyllum Sempervivi, ii. 523. 

 Sempervivum montanum, autogamy, ii. 344. 



cold resistance, i. 543. 



prey capturing, i. 155. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236. 



Sempervivum soboliferum, vegetative propar 



gation, ii. 821. 

 Sempervivum tectonrm, stomata, i. 280. 

 Sempervivum Wulf euii, cold resistance, i. 543. 

 Senecio erucaefolius, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 Senecio nemorensis and S. nebrodensis, 



anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Senecio viscosus, florets and autogamy, ii. 363. 

 Senecio vulgaris, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 857. 



Sensation, in plants, i. 53. 

 Sensitive plants, i. 535. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 530. 



— change of colour and function, i. 376. 

 Separation-layer, formation, i. 359. 

 Sequoia gigantea, ii. 725. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



Serjania, extra-axillary buds, ii. 28. 



Serjania gramatophora, branch -tendrils, i. 

 693, 694. 



Serratiüa lycopifolia, protection by Ants from 

 Beetle, ii. 242. 



Sesleria, leaf-folding, i. 340. 



Sesleria ccerulea, ring formation, ii. 792. 



Sesleria tenuifolia, leaf, section, i. 341. 



Setaria Italica, pollination, ii. 142. 



Setaria verticillata, hooked fruit, ii. 871. 



Sexual and asexual generations, mutual re- 

 lations, ii. 474. 



Sexual System of classification, ii. 601. 



Seyclielles Palm. See Lodoicea Sechellarum. 



Shade, effect on growth of plants, ii. 506. 



Shepherd's Purse. See Capsella Bursas 

 2>astoris. 



Shoot, acropetal development, i. 396. 



— morphological value, i. 333. 

 Shoot-apices of Rotangs, i. 676. 

 Shoots, asexual, dissimilarity, ii. 471. 



— epiphyllous, ii. 37. 



— reserve, leaf characteristics, ii. 516. 



— spiuose, i. 443. 



Shoots, underground, important function, i. 



653. 

 Sliore Pine. See Pinus Halepensis. 

 Shrubs, foliage-leaves and rain, i. 93. 

 Sibbaldia, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



— honey, ii. 173. 



Sibbaldia procumbens, habit, i. 662. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



Siberian Crab. See Pyrus salicifoUa. 

 Sideritis Romana, colour-contrast in flower, 



ii. 191. 

 Sideritis scordioides, poUen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Sieve-plates, i. 469. 

 Sieve-tube, i. 469. 



of Macrocystis, ii. 663. 



of Nereocystis, ii. 663. 



Sigillariaceaj, characteristics, ii. 716. 



Signatures, doctrine of, i. 2. 



Silene and Lychnis, poUen-grains, ii. 99. 



— pollination experiments, ii. 404. 



Silene acaulis, distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



vertical range, ii. 750. 



Silene conica, autogamy, ii. 336. 

 Silene Elizabeth», and humble-bees, ii. 239. 

 Silene longiflora, and night visitors, ii. 196. 

 Sileue noctiflora, behaviour to own and 

 foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



opening of flower, ii. 212. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Sileue nutans, and night visitors, ii. 196. 



capsules in dry and wet weather, ii. 448. 



closed flowers, ii. 154. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



double protection of honey, ii. 242. 



open flowers, ii. 155. 



pollination, ii. 154. 



scent, ii. 201. 



seed protection and dispersal, ii. 447. 



Silene Saxifraga, and night visitors, ii. 196. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 



opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Silene VaUesia, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Silene vespertina, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Silene viscosa, carnivorous in minor degree, 



i. 156. 

 Siler, geitonogamy, ii. 324. 

 Silica, in cell-wall of Diatoms, ii. 625. 



— in Equisetum, ii. 712. 



— in hairs of Rochea, i. 325. 



Siliceous marl, composed of Diatoms, ii. 627. 



Silicic acid, in Diatom frustules though no 



trace in aqueous habitat, i. 70. 



accumulation through plants, i. 261. 



occurrence in plants, i. 67. 



Silicification, and animals, i. 432. 



— and preservation of fossil plants, ii. 612. 



— of hairs, i. 441. 



Silicon, in ash of plant, i. 66. 



Siliqua, morphology, ii. 432. 



Silk-worms, attacked by a Cordyceps, i. 168. 



Silky hairs, i. 320. 



Silphium laciniatum, a "compass plant", i. 

 337. 



Silphium perfoliatum, mechanical tissue 

 arrangement, i. 731. 



water-receptacles, i. 239 ; ii. 234. 



Silver Fir. See Abies pectinata. 



Silver Tree. See Leucadendron argenteum. 



Silybum Marianum, method of water-con- 

 duction, i. 98. 



Sinapis, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



Sinapis arvensis, autogamy, ii. 348. 



dm-ation of flowering, ii. 213. 



Sinkers, of Mistletoe, i. 209. 



Siphonacefe, fertilization and fruit-forma- 

 tion, ii. 53. 



Siphonefe, description, ii. 641. 



— differentiation of thallus, ii. 620. 

 Sisymbrium Thalianum, protection of pollen, 



ii. 121. 

 Sisyrinchium, nectary, ii. 176. 

 Sisyrinchium anceps, colour-contrast in 

 flower, ii. 190. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Skatol, nature of, ii. 199. 

 Skin-diseases, due to Fungi, i. 168. 

 Skull-cap. See Scutellaria. 



Slate-rocks, humus on, ii. 499. 



Sleep, of plants, i. 534. 



Slime-fungi. See Myxomycetcs. 



Sling-fruits, ii. 833. 



Slips, impossibility of propagating certain 



plants by, i. 250. 

 Sloe. See Prunus spinosa. 

 Slugs, protection against, ii. 238. 

 Smell, sense of, ii. 204. 



and poisonous plants, i. 432. 



Smilacinese, phylloolades, i. 649. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Smilacoideiäe, characteristic, ii. 732. 

 Smilax aspera, stipular tendrUs, i. 690. 

 Smithia sensitiva, and rain, i. 537. 

 Smymium, coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Snails, as lime-accumulators in top layers of 

 soil, i. 259. 



— elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



— protection against, ii. 237. 

 Snake-root. See Calla palustris. 

 Snow, as preservative agency, i. 262. 



— dust-coUector, i. 80. 



— effect on foliage, i. 358. 



— melting by developing flower-buds, i. 498. 



— protection of plants, i. 548. 

 Snowdrop. See Galanthus nivalis. 

 Snow-fall and elevation, i. 523. 

 Snow pressure and growth, i. 523. 

 Sodium, in ash of plants, i 66. 



— in marine plants, i. 68. 



— phosphate, as food-salt, i. 67. 



— salts of, accumulation through plants, i. 



261. 

 Soil and specific differences, experiments, il. 

 496. 



— changes, in, due to nutrition of plants, 



i. 257 et seq. 



— clay, conditions of growth on, ii. 500. 



— effect on flowering, i. 9. 



— factors determining nutrition, i. 102. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— retention of water, ii. 499. 



— sandy, conditions of growth on, ii. 500. 



— temperature in Alps, i. 525. 

 Solanaoe«, ii. 771. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 366. 



— diversity of pollen protection, ii. 128. 



— extra-axillary buds, ii. 28. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 

 Solanum Dulcamara, berry, ii, 427. 



colour-contrast of flowers, ii. 189. 



twining, i. 689. 



Solanum Lycopersicum, anther, ii. 90. 



movements of cotyledons, i. 532. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



Solanum sisymbrifoliurc, fruit protection, 



ii. 445. 

 Solanum sodomseum, fniit protection, ii. 445. 

 Solanum tuberosum, autogamy, ii. 371. 



colour-contrast of flower, ii. 189. 



crystalloids and starch grains, i. 457. 



diminished fruit formation, ii. 459. 



protection of poUen, ii. 120, 128. 



tuber, i. 651. 



young fruit, ii. 73. 



Soldanella, autogamy, ii. 333. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— melting of snow by, i. 498. 



— pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 275. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— sub-glacial blossoming, i. 499. 

 Soldanella alpina, flower, ii. 180, 275. 



corolla and autogamy, ii. 368. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 275. 



stamen, ii. 87- 



Soldanella montana, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Solfatara, Naples, and Algse, i. 5,54. 

 Sonchus arvensis, latitude and closing, ii. 

 218. 



protection of pollen, ii. 127. 



Sonc'hus servicornus, spinosity, i. 444. 

 Sojiiiora alope .suroides, leaf, diurnal posi- 

 tions, i. 534. 

 Sorbus, deciduous protective hairs, i. 354. 



