452 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING. 
Clay Soils—continued. 
Amygdalus communis (dec; 10-30) and vars.; Aucuba 
japonica (ev; 6-10); Berberis Aquifolinm (ev; 3-6); B. 
aristata (ev; 6); B. Darwinii (ev; 2); B. vulgaris (dec; 
8-20) and vars.; Betula alba (dec; 50-60) ; Buddleia globosa 
(ev; 15); Buxus balearica (ev; 15-20); B. sempervirens 
(ev; 1-30) and vars.; Calycanthus floridus (dec; 4-6) ; 
Caragana Altagana (dec; 2-3); C. arborescens (dec; 15-20) ; 
C. Chamlagu (dec; 2-4); C. spinosa (dec; 4-6); Carpinus 
americana (dec; 10-50); C. Betula (dec; 30-70); Carya 
alba (dec; 50-70); C. amara (dec; 50-60); C. tomentosa 
(dec; 60-70); Castanea sativa (dec; 50-70); Catalpa 
bignonioides (dec; 20-40); Celtis crassifolia (dec; 20-30) ; 
C. occidentalis (dec; 30-50); Cerasus Avium (dec; 20-40) 
and vars.; ©. Laurocerasus (ev; 6-10) and vars.; C. 
lusitanica (ev; 10-20); C. Mahaleb (dec; 10); C. Padus 
(dec; 10-30); Cercis Siliquastrum (dec; 20-30); Chame- 
cyparis ericoides (ev; 3-4); C. Lawsoniana (ev ; 75-100) ; 
C. nutkaensis (ev ; 40-60); Cladrastus amurensis (dec; 6); 
Clematis Flammula (dec climber); C. Jackmanni (dec 
climber) ; C. Vitalba (dec climber); Colutea arborescens 
(dec; 6-10); C. cruenta (dec; 4-6); Cornus mas (dec; 
10-15) and vars.; C. sanguinea (dec; 6); C. stolonifera 
(dec; 4-10); Corylus Avellana (dec; 20); Cotone- 
aster buxifolia (ev; 3-4); C. microphylla (ev; 3-4); 
C. rotundifolia (ev; 3-4); C. Simonsii (ev); Crategus 
coccinea (dec; 20-30) and vars.; C. cordata (dec; 20); C. 
Crus-galli (dec; 10-30) and vars.; C. Douglasii (dec; 
10-15); C. Oxyacantha (dec; 10-20) and vars.; C. Pyra- 
cantha (ev; 10-20); Cytisus albus (dec; 6-10); C. biflorus 
(dec; 3); C. purpureus (dec; procumbent); C. scoparius 
(dec; 3-10); C. sessilifolius (dec; 4-6); Deutzia crenata 
(dec; 4-8) and vars.; D. gracilis (dec; 1-2); Diervilla 
grandiflora (dec; 8); D. rosea (dec; 6); Euonymus 
americanus (dec; 2-6); E. europeus (dec; 6-20); E. 
japonicus (ev; 20) and vars.; Fagus ferruginea (dec; 30) ; 
F. sylvatica (dec; 60-100); Fraxinus americana (dec ; 
30-40); F. excelsa (dec; 30-80) and vars.; F. Ornus (dec; 
20-30); F. oxyphylla (dec; 30-40); Garrya elliptica (ev ; 
8-10); Genista wtnensis (ev; 6-15); G. hispanica (ev; 5 1); 
G. radiata (ev; 1-3); G. triangularis (ev ; 2-4); Gleditschia 
sinensis (dec; 30-50); G. triacanthos (dec; 30-50) ; Gymno- 
cladus canadensis (dec; 30-60); Halesia hispida (dec); H. 
tetraptera (dec; 15-20); Hamamelis arborea (dec); H. 
japonica (dec) ; H. virginica (dec ; 12) ; Hedera Helix vars. (ev 
climbers) ; Hypericum calycinum (s-ev ; 1); Ilex Aquifolinm 
(ev ; 10-40) and vars. ; I. cornuta (ev; 15); I. opaca (ev; 
20-40); Jasminum nudiflornm (dec climber); J. officinale 
(dec climber) ; Juglans cinerea (dec; 30-60) ; J. nigra (dec ; 
60); J. regia (dec; 40-60) and vars.; Juniperus communis 
hibernica (ev); J. recurva (ev; 5-8); J. Sabina (ev; 5-8) ; 
Kerria japonica (dec; 3-4); K. j. flore-pleno (dec; 3-4); 
Koelreuteria paniculata (dec; 10-15); Laburnum Adami 
(dec); L. alpinum (dec; 15-20); L. vulgare (dec; 20) and 
vars.; Larix europea (dec; 80-100); L. leptolepis (dec ; 
40); Lavandula vera (dec; 1-2); Leycesteria formosa (dec ; 
4-6); Ligustrum japonicum (ev; 6-8); L. lucidum (ev; 
8-12) ; L. sinense (ev or s-ev; 18); L. vulgare (s-ev; 6-10) ; 
Magnolia acuminata (dec; 30-60); M. conspicua (dec; 
20-50); M. glauca (ev; 15); M. grandiflora (ev; 70-80) ; 
M. macrophylla (dec; 30); M. Umbrella (dec; 35); 
Mespilus germanica (dec; 10-20) ; Morus alba (dec; 20-30) ; 
M. rubra (dec; 14-70); Negundo aceroides (dec; 40) and 
vars.; Nemopanthes canadense (dec; 38); Osmanthus 
Aquifolium (ev) ; O. fragrans (ev; 6-10); Parrotia persica 
(dec; 10); Pavia alba (dec; 3-9); P. californica (dec; 
12-40); P. flava (dec; 20); P. rubra (dec; 10); Phila- 
delphus coronarius (dec; 2-10); P. Gordonianus (dec; 10); 
P. grandiflorus (dec; 6-10); Picea Alcoquiana (ev ; 90-120) ; 
P. excelsa (ev ; 80-100) and vars.; P. nigra (ev ; 50-100) ; 
P. orientalis (ev); P. Smithiana (ev; 80-120); Pinus 
austriaca (ev; 75-100); P. excelsa (ev; 50-150); P. 
insignis (ev; 80-100); P. Lambertiana (ev; 150-300); P. 
Laricio (ev; 100-150); P. Mughus (ev; 5-15); P. Pinaster 
Clay Soils—continued. 
(ev; 60-80); P. ponderosa (ev; 100-150); P. sylvestris 
(ev; 50-100) and vars. ; Platanus occidentalis (dec ; 70-80) ; 
P. orientalis (dec; 60-80) and vars.; Populus alba (dec ; 
60-100) ; P. balsamifera (dec; 70) and vars.; P. monilifera 
(dec; 80); P. Tremula pendula (dec; 40-80); Pyrus Aria 
(dec; 4-40); P. Aucuparia (dec; 10-30); P. floribunda (dec ; 
8); P. japonica (dec; 5-6); P. spectabilis (dec; 20-30); 
P. torminalis (dec; 10-50); Quereus Ballota (ev; 60); Q. 
Cerris vars. (dec or s-ev; 40-60); Q. Ilex (ev; 15-60) and 
vars.; Q. pedunculata (dec; 50-100); Q. pseudosuber (ev; 
50); Q. sessiliflora (dec; 60); Q. Suber (ev; 20-25); Q. 
Toza (dec; 20-30); Rhamnus catharticus (dec; 5-10); R. 
Frangula (dec; 5-10); Rhus Cotinus (dec; 6-8); R. glabra 
(dec; 5-18) and var.; R. typhioa (dec; 10-30); Ribes 
alpinum aureum (dec; 3); R. aureum (dec; 6-8); R. 
sanguineum (dec; 4-8); Robinia Pseudacacia (dec; 30-60) 
and vars,; Rosa canina (dec; 6-8); R. repens (dec; 2-8); 
R. rubiginosa (dec; 5); R. spinosissima (dec; 1-4); R. 
tomentosa (dec; 6); Salix alba (dec; 80); 8S. daphnoides 
(dec ; 10-20); 8. fragilis (dec; 80-90); S. pentandra (dec; 
6-20); S. purpurea (dec; 5-10); S. triandra (dec; 20); S. 
viridis (dec; 30); Sambucus nigra (dec; 25); S. racemosa 
(dec; 10-20); Sassafras officinale (dec; 15-20); Sequoia 
gigantea (ev; 400); Spartium junceum (dec; 6-10); 
Spirswa bella (dec; 2-3); S. discolor arizfolia (dec; 4-10) ; 
S. Lindleyana (dec; 4-8); Syringa Emodi (dec; 6); S. 
vulgaris (dec; 8-20) and vars.; Tamarix gallica (dec; 
5-10); Taxus baccata (ev; 15-50) and vars.; Thuya 
occidentalis (ev ; 40-50) and vars. ; T. orientalis (ev ; 18-20) 
and vars.; T. plicata (ev; 20); T. tatarica (ev; 8-10); 
Thuyopsis dolabrata (ev; 40-50); Tilia argentea (dec; 
30-50); I. cordata (dec); T. platyphyllos (dec; 70-80); T. 
vulgaris (dec; 70-80); Torreya taxifolia (ev; 40-50); 
Tuga canadensis (ev; 60-80) and vars.; Ulmus americana 
(dec ; 80-100); U. glabra vegeta (dec; 60-80); U. montana 
(dec ; 80-100) and vars.; Viburnum Lantana (dec; 6-20) ; 
V. Opulus (dec; 6-8) and vars.; V. Tinus (ev; 8-10) and 
vars.; Xanthoceras sorbifolia (5-15); Yucca filamentosa 
(ev); Y. gloriosa (ev; 8-12) and vars. 
HEDGES.—Two indispensable qualifications in plants 
selected for the formation of Hedges are: (1) that they 
should have dense foliage and closely arranged branchlets, 
and (2) that they should bear frequent clipping without 
being materially injured thereby. Aselect list of trees and 
shrubs suitable for the purpose is here given. The heights 
quoted are those attained by the plants under natural 
conditions. For further instruction the reader is referred 
to the article on Hedges, in Vol. II. Mongredien, in his 
“Trees and Shrubs for English Plantations,’ says: 
“ Where a cheap Hedge is wanted, why not try the common 
Gooseberry? Cuttings (to be had for nothing) strike 
freely in garden soil, whence, if transplanted the ensuing 
year to the hedge-bank (provided it be sufficiently wide 
and flat to catch and retain the moisture from rain), they 
will rapidly grow into dense, prickly bushes, easily kept in 
shape by clipping, and never expanding either trunk or 
roots into such dimensions as to injure the bank on 
which they are planted.’ Clipping of Conifers should 
only be performed when the sap is comparatively quiescent : 
either in spring, before new growth commences, or in 
autumn, when the year’s growth is completed. 
Berberis vulgaris (dec; 8-20) and vars.; Buxus semper= 
virens (ev; 1-30); Caragana spinosa (dec; 4-6); Carpinus 
Betulus (dec; 30-70); Cerasus Laurocerasus (ev; 6-10); 
Chameeyparis Lawsoniana (ev; 75-100); C. nutkaensis 
(ev; 40-60); C. obtusa (ev; 70-100); Crategus Oxyacantha 
(dec; 10-20) and vars.; Fagus sylvatica (dec; 60-100); 
Hibiscus syriacus (dec; 6); Hippophae rhamnoides (dec; 
2-20); Ilex Aquifolium (ev; 10-40) and vars.; Juniperus 
chinensis (ev; 15-20); J. communis (ev; 3-20); J. 
virginiana (ev; 10-15) and var. aurea; Laurus nobilis 
(ev; 30-60); Ligustrum oyalifolium (s-ev); L. vulgare 
