510 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING. 
Cecropia—continued. 
tropical America, from Brazil to Mexico. To the species 
described on p. 285, Vol. L., one more ealls for addition : 
C. dealbata (whitened). J. large, soft, pubescent, palmate, light 
reen above, glaucous beneath. New Grenada, 1887. A fine 
Snake-wood, of ornamental character. 
CELASTRUS. Including Orixa. This genus em- 
braces about eighteen species. To those described on 
p. 287, Vol. I., the following should now be added: 
C, Orixa (Orixa). /l. green, small ; males racemose ; females long- 
stalked, generally solitary. Summer. J. elliptic or obovate, with 
entire margins; upper surface glossy-green. Ah. 6ft. to 9ft. 
Japan, 1886. SYN. Orixa japonica (R. G. 1232.) 
CELMISIA (so called after Celmisius, who was said 
to be the son of the nymph Alciope, from whom the 
name of a nearly-related genus is derived). Oxp. 
Composite. A genus embracing about twenty-five species 
of greenhouse or hardy, more or less silvery-silky, peren- 
nial herbs; one inhabits the Auckland and Campbell 
Islands, the rest are natives of New Zealand, one being 
also found in Australia. Flower-heads heterogamous, 
radiate; involucre broadly campanulate or hemispherical, 
the bracts many-seriate, imbricate; scapes (or scape-like 
peduncles) one-headed. Leaves entire. Two species have 
been introduced. For culture, see Olearia, p. 481, Vol. II. 
C. coriacea (leathery). /l.-heads l}in. to 3in. in diameter ; ray 
florets white, excessively numerous ; disk yellow ; scapes very stout, 
cobwebby and cottony. J. 10in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 24in. broad, 
lanceolate, coriaceous, narrowed into broad, woolly sheaths, 
covered above with cottony hairs, below with dense, white-silvery 
tomentum. New Zealand. Hardy. Syn. Aster coriacea. 
Cc. spectabilis (remarkable). jl.-heads 2in. in diameter; ray 
florets white or pale lilac, very numerous, revolute; disk yellow; 
scapes several, stout, stiff, erect, longer than the 
leaves. May. Jl. numerous, strict, erect, usually Sin. 
to Tin. long, sin. to lin. broad, thickly coriaceous, 
ensiform, elliptic-lanceolate, or linear-oblong, nar- 
rowed at base, then dilating into broad, tumid sheaths 
2in. to 4in, long. Rootstock woody. Mountains of 
New Zealand, 1882. Hardy. (B. M. 6653.) 
CENTROPETALUM (from kentron, a 
spur, and petalon, a petal; in allusion to the spur- 
like appendage at the base of the labellum). 
Including Nasonia. Orp. Orchidee. A small 
genus (five or six species) of dwarf, creeping, 
cool-house Orchids, natives of the Columbian 
Andes. Flowers mediocre, solitary in the 
upper axils; sepals sub-equal, spreading, free, 
or the lateral ones more or less connate; petals 
similar or broader; lip connate towards the base 
with the column, at length erect, the lateral 
lobes scarcely prominent or broader and em- 
bracing the column, the lamina spreading, ovate or broadly 
rounded, undivided. Leaves distichous, short. C. pwne- 
tatum (described on p. 421, Vol. II., as Nasonia punctata) 
is the best-known species. 
CERASUS. Bentham and Hooker include this genus 
under Prunus. To the species described on pp. 295-7, 
Vol. I., the following should now be added: 
C. acida (acid). Montmorency Cherry. jl. white; umbels aggre- 
gate, sparse, sessile. Apriland May. fr. red or dark purple; 
juice colourless. J. flat, glabrous, shining, sub-coriaceous, 
elliptic, all acuminate ; petioles glandless. Orient, &c. 
Cc. a. pyramidalis (pyramidal). A garden variety, with erect 
branches, forming a pyramidal growth like that of the Lombardy 
Poplar. 
CERATOSTIGMA (from keras, keratos, a horn, and 
stigma, a stigma; alluding to the stigmas being beset 
with short, horn-like execrescences). Syn. Valoradia. 
Orv. Plumbaginew. A small genus (three or four species) 
of greenhouse or hardy, perennial herbs or shrubs; one 
is Chinese, another Himalayan, and one or two are 
Abyssinian. Flowers densely capitate-spicate at the tips 
of the branches; calyx tubular, glandless, deeply five- 
cleft, the lobes narrow; corolla salver-shaped, the tube 
long and slender, the limb of five obtuse or retuse, 
spreading lobes. Leaves alternate, oboyate or lanceolate, 
more or less setose-ciliated. Only one species calls for 
Ceratostigma—continued. 
mention here. It thrives in ordinary garden soil, and 
may be increased by divisions. 
Cc. plambarinoldes (Plumbago-like). This is the correct name 
of the plant described on p. 169, Vol. III., as Plumbago Larpente 
(FE. d. 8. 307). Syn. Valoradia plumbaginoides (B. M. 4487). 
CERATOTHECA (from keras, keratos, a horn, and 
theke, a case, a capsule; in allusion to the horned fruit). 
Syn. Sporledera. Orb. Pedalinee. A small genus (two 
species) of erect, pubescent, stove or greenhouse, (? always) 
annual herbs, natives of tropical and South Africa. Flowers 
solitary in the axils, shortly pedicellate; calyx five-parted 
or deeply five-cleft; corolla tube enlarged above, the limb 
sub-bilabiate, with spreading lobes; stamens four, didy- 
namous. Leaves opposite, or the upper ones alternate, 
ovate, toothed. OC. triloba, the only species in cultiva- 
tion, is probably a biennial. Seeds should be raised in 
heat, and the plants, when strong enough, removed to the 
greenhouse. Rich loam, a sunny position, and plenty of 
water when growing, are essentials to success. 
C. triloba (three-lobed). /l. in opposite pairs, shortly pedicellate, 
with a minute, imperfect flower at the base of each; calyx erect ; 
corolla pale violet-purple, with darker streaks, in. long, pilose. 
September. J. polymorphous, the lower ones long-petiolate, 
varying from broadly ovate-cordate to broadly triangular and 
three-lobed, crenate, the broadest leayes 8in. across ; floral ones 
narrowly ovate, shorter than the flowers. Stem 5ft. high. Natal, 
1886. (B. M. 6974.) 
CEREUS. About 200 species of this genus are known, 
natives of tropical and sub-tropical America, the West 
Indies, and the Galapagos Islands. (See also Pilocereus.) 
To those described on pp. 299-300, Vol. I., the following 
should now be added : 
Fic. 4. PORTION OF PLANT, WITH FLOWER, OF CEREUS 
BERLANDIERI. 
Cc. Berlandieri (Berlandier’s).* fl. 4in. across, produced on the 
young, upright stems; petals bright purple, strap-shaped, in an 
