524 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING. 
CRYPTOPHORANTHUS (from kryptos, hidden, 
phoreo, to bear, and anthos, a blossom; in allusion to the 
petals, lip, &c., being concealed within an almost closed 
flower, the only opening into which is by a pair of small | 
‘‘windows” at the side). Window-bearing Orchid. ORD. | 
Orchidee. A curious genus, with the habit of Pleuwro- | 
thallis (section Aggregate), but differing from that genus 
in the sepals being united into a short tube at the base 
and again united at the apex—the only way into the | 
flower being by the small, window-like openings, one on | 
either side. From Masdevallia the genus differs in habit, | 
as also in the characters just given. Hight species are | 
known; they are stove Orchids, ranging over an area 
from the West Indies to the Andes and Brazil. The fol- 
lowing species are now included here, the specific names 
remaining unchanged: Masdevallia Dayana, M. graci- 
lenta, M. hypodiscus, and Pleurothallis atropurpureus. 
For culture, see Pleurothallis, on p. 163, Vol. III. 
Cc. maculatus (spotted). jl. yellow, densely spotted crimson, 
numerous, din. long, obovoid, obtuse, pubescent, situated at the 
base of the leaf on the very short stem (so short that the flowers 
actually lie on the soil). J/. elliptic, obtuse, very fleshy, with 
numerous purple spots or small blotches on the upper surface, 
jin. to 2}in. long. jin. to ljin. broad, the apex minutely tri- 
denticulate. Probably Brazilian, A remarkable little plant. 
CRYPTOSTYLIS (from kryptos, hidden, and stylos, 
a pillar, a style; in allusion to the concealed style). The 
generic description is given in the body of this work 
under Blume’s nime, Zosterostylis (which on 
p. 244). 
C. longifolia (long-leaved). fl. three to eight, rather distant, 
uowards of lin. broad; sepals yellowish-green, narrow; petals 
the same colour, shorter; lip red, with reddish-brown markings, 
pointing upwards, the short style hidden in the cucullate 
base (hence the generic name). /. solitary, lanceolate, on long 
stalks. hf. 1ft. to 2ft. Tasmania, 1885. Greenhouse. (G. C. 
N. 8., XXiii., p. 275.) 
CUPANIA. To the species described on p. 409, 
Vol. I, the following should now be added: 
C. grandidens (larze-toothed). JU. impari-pinnate; leaflets 
nine, oblong, acuminate, sinuately lobed, din. to 4in. long. Stems 
downy. Zanzibar, 1884. 
CURCULIGO. This genus comprises about a dozen 
species of stove perennials, natives of tropical Asia, 
Australia, tropical and South Africa, and tropical America. 
Flowers spicate or racemose; perianth six-parted, the 
segments sub-equal, spreading; stamens six, affixed at 
the base of the segments; whole inflorescence frequently 
villous. Fruit more or less succulent. Leaves radical, 
often long-lanceolate, plicate-veined, sometimes very large. 
To the species and varieties described on p. 410, Vol. L., 
the following should now be added: 
C. densa (dense). /. oblong-ovate, acute, plicate, dark green, 
with a silvery lustre. India, 1885. A pretty, decorative plant, 
of dwarf habit. 
CURCUMA. Tae species extend from tropical 
America to tropical Australia and the South Pacific 
Islands. To those described on p. 411, Vol. I., the fol- 
lowing should now be added: 
C. Leopoldi (Leopold's). J. lanceolate, pale green, striped with 
creamy-white. 1884. An attractive plant, of distinct character, 
growing in clumps, and resembling a Musa in habit. 
CYATHEA. This genus embraces about eighty 
species, natives of tropical and sub-tropical regions. To 
those described on p. 415, Vol. I., the following should now 
be added : 
C. microphylla (small-leaved). caw. 4ft. high. sti. and rachises 
rusty-tomentose. fronds 2ft. to 3ft. long, oblong-ovate, acu- 
minate, tripinnate; primary pinne sessile, broadly oblong, 
acuminate; secondary ones similar but smaller, crowded ; 
pinnules scarcely two lines long, ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid ; 
lobes entire. sori solitary at the base of the veinlet ; involucre 
globose. Andes of Peru and Ecuador, 1883. Greenhouse. 
C. spinulosa (slightly spiny). sti. and main rachis strongly 
aculeate, often dark purple. jronds glabrous, ample, somewhat 
flaccid; pinnules oblong, acuminate; lobes acute, serrulated, 
having small, bullate scales on the costules beneath. sori copious, 
close to the costules; involucre globose, very thin, membranous, 
see, 
soon breaking irregularly. India, 1883. Stove. (H.S. F. 12¢.) 
CYCAS. About fifteen species, natives of tropical 
Asia, Africa, Australia, and Polynesia, are here included. 
To those described on p. 416, Vol. I., the following should 
now be added: 
C. Beddomei (Beddome’s). J. about 3ft. long and Yin. broad ; 
segments about jin. broad; rachis sub-quadrangular; petiole 
quadrangular, furnished at the base with tufted tomentum, and 
in the upper third with a few minute teeth. cones (males) about 
l3in. long and 3in. in diameter, slightly stipitate, the scales 
tapering from a deltoid base, acuminate. Stem (? young) a few 
inches high, with closely imbricated, glabrescent leaf-bases. 
India, 1883. Mr. Thiselton Dyer considers this a reduced form 
of C. circinalis. (T. L. S., ser. ii., vol. ii., p. 85.) 
C. Bellefonti (Marquis de Bellefont’s). J. recurved, glabrous, 
elliptic, pinnatisect; leaflets sessile, linear-lanceolate, Ssin. to 
4in. long, acuminate at apex, the margins flat, glaucescent ; 
petioles short, spinulose at base, the spines small, straight. 
Trunk short, cylindrical, erect, clothed with fuscous-greyish 
scales. Tonkin, 1886. (I. H. 1886, 586.) 
C. Duivenbodei (Duivenbode’s). J. pinnate, 3ft. to 34ft. long; 
leaflets crowded, acuminate, lin. broad. Trunk spiny, covered 
with blackish-brown seales. Moluceas, 1886. 
CYCLAMEN. Improved seedling forms of CG. per- 
sicum are now very numerous, and the cultivation of this 
choice, winter-flowering, greenhouse plant is being greatly 
extended. The flowers become richer and more varied in 
colour year by year. OC. giganteum, a type with large 
flowers, produced some ten years since, has been greatly 
improved; the flowers are blush, rosy-blush, or purplish- 
rose. The most useful for greenhouse and conservatory 
decoration is a good strain of the ordinary type. ‘The 
largest number of flowers are produced from single corms, 
and the colours are more rich and varied. They are pure 
white, of exquisite form, blush, rose, pink, rosy-red, and 
purple; and a form exhibited in 1887 was quite crimson. 
A new type, with peculiarly frilled petals, was introduced 
in the spring of that year. Some of the best in the 
various sections exhibite1 under names are as follow: 
Dixon Harrnanp, Lorp Hinitinepon, MAsesricum, 
PRINCESS OF WALES, QUEEN OF CRIMSONS, and Royau 
JUBILEE. 
CYCLANTHACEZ. A natural order of perennial 
herbs or shrubs, all natives of tropical America. Flowers 
moncecious, arranged in superposed cycles or in a con- 
tinuous spiral; spadices axillary, solitary, pedunculate, 
simple, rather short, cylindrical or oblong ; spathes two to 
six, inserted on the peduncle, including the immature 
spadix, caducous; peduncle short or elongated, sheathing 
at base. Leaves distichous or spirally disposed, petiolate, 
flabellate, entire, bifid, or bipartite, parallel-nerved, com- 
plicate in vernation; petioles short or elongated, sheathing 
at base. Carludovica palmata yields the much-valued 
straw from which are manufactured Guayaquil or Panama 
hats. The order embraces four genera—Carludovica, Cy- 
clanthus, Ludovia, and Stelestylis—and, as at present 
known, abont thirty-five species. 
CYCLANTHUS (from kyklos, a circle, and anthos, 
a flower; in allusion to the spiral arrangement of the 
flowers). Syns. Cyclosanthes, Discanthus. ORD. Cy- 
clanthacee. A small genus (four or five species?) of 
stove, perennial, stemless, milky herbs. Flowers odorous, 
the males and females superposed in alternate rings, or 
disposed in a confluent spiral; spathes numerous; peduncle 
very long, naked or bracteate, cylindrical. Leaves clus- 
tered, long-petiolate, bifureate; segments lanceolate, one- 
ribbed, plicate, parallel-nerved; petioles terete, sheathing 
at base. For culture of the two species introduced, see 
Carludovica, on p. 268, Vol. I. 
Cc. bipartitus (bipartite). /. plicate, sometimes entire, ovate- 
lanceolate, but more frequently divided more or less deeply in the 
upper portion—sometimes even to the base—into two lanceolate- 
linear lobes ; petioles ft. to 6ft. long. Guiana. 
C. discolor (two-coloured). J. bitid, the two divisions lanceolate, 
with a tapered point, more or less frilled at the edges; young 
leaves streaked with a tawny orange hue, which passes off as 
they become matured. 1882. A remarkable plant. 
CYCLONEMA MACROSIPHON. See Cleroden- 
dron macrosiphon. 
