205 
the arches of Titus, Severus, and Constantine, the 
castle of St. Angelo, as well as many churches. 
Tomorrow we go to the Vatican. Saturday carni- 
val began, and I need not say we were highly di- 
verted. After it is over (in about ten days) we go 
to Naples, stay there two or three weeks, and then 
return here for three more; thus we shall be here 
in the holy-week, the best time possible. 
I have now learned all the particulars about Spal- 
lanzani. Scopoli*, who is a man of the first cha- 
_ * Ina letter to his father in 1791, Sir James tells him, in speak- 
ing of his publications: ‘I hope you have seen the Critical Re- 
view for January, in which the second fasciculus of my Jcones 
(uncoloured) is so very handsomely reviewed. I believe I never 
translated to you what I have said of poor Scopoli, which the re- 
viewer quotes with approbation. It is nearly as follows:—‘T. A. 
Scopoli, universally celebrated for his /lora and Entomologia Car- 
niolica, after various !abours in metallurgy, zoology, and botany, 
at length, by favour of the Emperor, became the public botanical 
and chymical professor at Pavia. This indefatigable man devoted 
his leisure hours to the collecting all such new or ill understood 
natural productions as fell in his way; whence arose that splendid 
work, Delicie Flore Fauneque Insubrice, his last production, 
and brought forth in trouble. Although devoted to the most 
inoffensive pursuits, although dear to all good men, and esteemed 
by all Europe, how much, alas! did he suffer from the arts and 
malice of the malevolent! When he would have exculpated him- 
self from censures unjustly cast upon him, his excellent sovereign, 
seduced by the arts of the same men (for sovereigns are generally 
obliged to judge but superficially), absolutely commanded him to 
be silent. He submitted to his fate, but his indignant soul sought 
for liberty and justice at a higher and more impartial tribunal, 
May 8, 1788.’” 
In speaking of Professor Scopoli in his Tour on the Continent, 
Sir James adds : “ It is needless here to enter into the particulars: 
