ALPINE PLANTS IN SMALL GARDENS 43 
for transplanting it is always best to make a hole wide 
enough and deep enough to admit of their being spread 
out to their full extent. If one has large clumps to deal 
with of such plants as Aubrietias, Arabis, Saxifragas, 
Sedums or Campanulas, it is far better to gently pull them 
apart into comparatively small pieces with some roots 
attached than to cram the whole clump into one hole. 
The latter method generally means that some portion of 
the roots will not come into contact with fresh soil, and the 
result will be that parts of the mass of growth will die off. 
If the soil about the roots of the clump adheres very closely, 
soak it well, or even wash it away, so that the plant may be 
divided without tearing and breaking its roots. Lay the 
pieces so that the herbage lies resting around the margins 
of the hole with the roots spread out as well as possible ; 
cover these with soil, and after firming press a few small 
pieces of stone close in to the crown or collar of the plant. 
From a clump that originally covered about a square foot, a 
colony of divided pieces may frequently be made to spread 
over a yard of surface, and it is thus that the most pleasing 
effects may be obtained from alpines that are of a naturally 
procumbent or trailing nature, whilst we may by interspers- 
ing here and there single plants of erect or bushy growth, 
break up an otherwise flat appearance, and _ incident- 
ally add greatly to the range of variety to be accom- 
modated in a comparatively small area. Suitable plants 
for this latter purpose will be found among the white 
flowered Anthericums, Heucheras, Pentstemon species 
such as P. heterophyllus, P. isophyllum, and P. Menziesii, 
several kinds of Campanula, Zauschneria californica, and 
