148 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Piper — conti7iued. 



5iii. lung ; petioles lin. to 2iii. long, winged by the adnate stipules 

 at their bases. New Zealand. A very aromatic, greenhouse 

 Itush or small tree. 



P. Futokadsura (Futokadsura).* Jl. greenisli, succeeded by 

 brijiht red fruit. I. ovate lance<tlate, acuminate, entire, about 

 3in. Iiri>;id, glalinms. Branches slender. Japan, 1869. A 

 remarkable, nearly hanly, deciduous shrub, very like /'. uinnon. 



P. mgrum. Black, or Common Pepper. Jl., catkins 3in. to 6in. 

 long. /y. first green, then red, afterwanls black, l. 4in. to 6iu. 

 long, alternate, distichous, broadly ovate, acuminate ; petioles 

 rounded, ^in. to nearly lin. long. Stem trailing or cbmbing, 

 flexuous. 'East Indies, 1790. The fruit of this species forms the 

 well-known condiment. White Pejiper is the same fruit, but de- 

 prived of its external coat. (U. .M. 3139 ; B. M. PI. 245.) 



P. porphyrophyllum (purple-leaved).* L cordate-orbicular, 

 sliortly cuspidate, 'lin. to 6in. long, 3iin. to 5in, broad, rich deep 

 brunzy-green aliove, beautifully marked with numerous, .small, 

 pink spots, which are thickly clustererl along the course nf the 

 nerves, and a few scattered between them ; under surface dull 

 purple. Malay Peninsula ('.'). Stove climber. See Fig. 189. 

 (F. d. S. 1491 ; R. H. 1885, 560.) Syn. Cimis porphyrophpllun, 

 of gardens. 



P, rubronodOSUm (red-noded). /. tieep sap-green, when ytumg 

 frosted over with silver-giey ; ]iftioles jiubescent. Stems lleshy, 

 scabrous, red at the utides.' Coluiubia, 1877. A distinct, stuve 

 shrub. 



PIF£RACEiE. A natural order of herbs, shrubs, 

 or very rarely trees, often aromatic or stimulant, broadly 

 dispersed over the globe. Flowers hermaphrodite or 

 unisexual, small, often minute, variously disposed, seat* 

 tored or dense, in spikes or rarely racemes, and fur- 

 nished with a froijuently peltate bract ; perianth {except 

 in one g-enus) absent ; stamens two to six, or very rarely 

 seven or cig-ht (or one?), hypogynous ; filaments free, or 

 rarely adnate to the base of the ovary. Fruit small, 

 capsular or baccate. Leaves alternate, or rarely oppo- 

 site or three or four in a whorl, entire or very rarely 

 trifid, three or many-nerved, or peuniveined, sometimes 

 pellucid-dotted or succulent ; stipules, when present, 

 adnate to the petioles, or dilated at base and reduced 

 to an amplexicaul petiole, or connate and opposite the 

 leaves. Among the most important economical products 

 of Piperacece are Pepper and Betel. An acrid resin and 

 a volatile, aromatic oil are possessed by the plants. The 

 order comprises about eight genera and nearly 1000 

 species. Illustrative genera are: Houftuynia, Pepevoynia, 

 and Piper. 



FIPEKELLA. A synonym of Micromeria (which 

 see). 



FIFE-TREE. SVr Syringa vulgaris. 



PIFEWORT. N ' Eriocaulon. 



FIFFERIDGE, or FIFRAGE. A common name 

 for Bt'rheris niJiin ri.^-. 



FIFTADENIA (from pipto, to fall, and aden, a 

 gland ; referring to the falling gland of the anthers). 

 Ord. LerfuminosiF. A genus comprising about thirty 

 species of unarmed or prickly, stove shrubs or trees, 

 two of which are natives of tropical Africa, and the 

 rest inhabit the warmer regions of America. Flowers 

 white or greenish, small, uniform, hermaphrodite or sub- 

 polygamous, sessile or pedicellate, disposed in cylin- 

 drical spikes or globose heads : peduncles axillary, soli- 

 tary or fasciculate, the uppermost ones at the tips of 

 the branches, often paniculate. Pods stipitate or rarely 

 sessile, broadly lineir, flat, membranous or coriaceous. 

 Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets small and many-jugate, or 

 rarely large and few-jugate. For culture of the species 

 described below. i<ee Adenanthera. 

 P. latifolia (broad-leaved), yf. spicate ; spikes shorter than the 



leaves, axillary or in terminal panicles. I. bipinnate, tri- or 



quadri-jugate, glabrous, often slightly glaucescent beneath ; 



leaflets two, three, or manv-iugate, 'obovate-elliptic, slightly 



acute, /i. 4ft. Brazil. 6cc., 1820. 



FIFTANTHUS (from pipto, to fall, and anthos, a 

 flower ; the teeth of the calyx, as well as the petals 

 and stamens, very soon fall off). Ord. Leguminos(F. A 

 monotypic genus, the species being a very handsome, 

 hardy or nearly hardy, evergreen shrub. It thrives best 



Fiptauthus — continued. 

 in a rich sandy loam, and in exposed parts should have 

 , the protection of a wall. Propagated by seeds ; by 

 cuttings of the ripened shoots, inserted under a hand 

 light ; and by layers. 



P, nepalensis (Nepaulese).* Kvergreen Laburnum. //. yelbiw, 



largi', in ternunal. bracteate racemes ; stanilaril orbicular, 



slightly exceeding the wings, the sides reflexed ; wings ottlung- 



I (tbuvate ; keel as long as, or b»nger than, the wings, scarcely 



I incurved ; petals connate at the ba^e. Sjiring. L alternate, 



I petiolate, <ligitate!y trifobolate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, 



' slightly liairy ; stipules uniteil in <uie, opposite the leaves. 



ti. 10ft. Temperate Himalaya, 1821. (S. 11. F. ii. 264; II. K. F 



' 131, umler name of Iiiij>ti.sia nejialennia.) 



I FIFTOCLAINA. Included under Heliotropifim. 



FIFTOSFATHA (from pipto, to fall, and t>pathe, a 

 I spathe; after fertilisation, the top of the spathe falls off like 

 an extinguisher). Ord. Aroidei^c {Aracecv). A monotypic 

 genus. The species is a stove, herbaceous, tufted, stem- 

 less perennial, of little other than botanical interest. It 

 thrives best in a well-drained compost of rich, sandy 

 loam, fibry peat, and leaf mould. A very moist atmo- 

 sphere is essential. Propagated by divisions, or by seeds. 



P. insignis (remarkable), jl. white, tinted with pink, l^in. long, 

 convolute, ovate-fusiform; sjiadix half as long as the spathe, 

 sessile; peduncles longer than the petioles, sk-nder, decurved at 

 apex. Summer. I. numerous, nearly bin. long, lanceolate, coria- 

 ceous, cartilaginously margined, slightly dotted beneath ; petioles 

 much shorter than the leaves, sheathing at base. Borneo, 1879. 

 (B. M. 6598 ; (J. C. n. s., xi., p. 139.) 



FIQTTERIA (named after A. Piiiueria, a Spanish 

 botanist, who published a translation of Hippocrates in 

 1757). Including Phalacnea. Ord. Compositie. A genus 

 comprising about half-a-score species of greenhouse or 

 hardy shrubs, or rarely erect annual or perennial herbs, 

 natives of mostly Western South America, from Bolivia 

 to Mexico. Flower-heads white or bluish, small, homo- 

 gamous, often densely cymose, the cymes corymbose or 

 loosely paniculate ; involucre campanulate ; receptacle 

 flat or convex, naked. Leaves opposite, toothed or entire. 

 The only species known to cultivatiou are the two de- 

 scribed below. Both are hardy, and of easy culture in 

 ordinary garden soil. P. latifolia may be increased by 

 seeds, and P. trinervia by division. 



P. latifolia (broad-leaved). ji.-fieada purplish, pedicellate ; 

 peduncles almost naked, corymbose at ape.x. July. I. petiolate, 

 broadly ovate, truncate at base. h. Uft. Peru, 1800. Annual. 

 (R. a. 107.) SVNS. Ageratum lati/iUiuin, Phalacnea calcstiita. 



P. trinervia (three-nerved). (l.-Iiead-s white, disposed in loose, 

 ciuyinliose, many-headed panicles. July. I. ovate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, sub-serrate, trinerved. h. 2ft. Mexico, 1798. 

 (Jlabious perennial herb. (B. iM. 2650.) 



FIRIGARA. A synonym of G-ustavia (which see)- 

 FIRIQXJETA. Included under Turnera (which see)- 

 FIRONNEAUA. Included under .^chmea. 

 FISAXJRA. A synonym of Iiopezia (which .see). 

 FISCIDIA (from jyiscis, a fish, and ccBdo, to kill or 

 destroy ; the leaves, bark, and twigs, are bruised, and 

 thrown into ponds or rivulets, for the purpose of in- 

 toxicating fish, by which means they are easily taken). 

 Fish Poison-tree ; Jamaica Dogwood. Oed. Leguminosw. 

 A monotypic genus, the species being a stove, evergreen 

 tree, having the flowers, foliage, and habit, of Loncho- 

 carpus, but the pod bears four projecting, longitudinal 

 wings. The species requires a compost of sandy, fibry 

 loam. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots will root in sand, 

 under a glass, in heat. 



P. erythrina (red), jl. white and mixed with blood-colour, 

 above iin. long, appearing before the leaves ; calyx teeth broadly 

 triangular; standard silky-hoary outside, the claw almost equal- 

 ling the calyx ; panicles lateral, sometimes ovate and dense- 

 flowered, scarcely 3in. long, sometimes elongate-thyrsoid, 6in. to 

 12in. long. May. /. alternate, pinnate, exstipellate ; leaflets 

 seven to eleven, oval, obovate, or broadly oblong, obtuse or 

 shortly acuminate, at length coriaceous. Sin. to 4in. long, on 

 stalks ^in. long. li. 50ft. West Indies, 1690. 



FISIFORBI. Resembling a Pea in shape. 



