186 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Folygonnm — continued. 



ones suii-cordate at the base, upper ones truncate, all with 

 glauctms :ind prominently-veined tinder-surfaces. Stem erect, 

 stronji- h. 10ft. to 12ft. Sachalin Islands, 1869. A strong-grow- 

 ing, hardy perennial, differing chiefly from I'. cuspUtatuin in its 

 angular, striated stems. Tliis plant luxuriates in a moist subsoil 

 near the margin of water, an<l is a desirable subject for naturalising 

 in send-wild places. See Kig. 228. (li. M. 6'S40.) 



P, Sieboldii (Siebold's). A garilen synonym of P. cuapttlatuin. 



P. sphaerostachyum (round-spikeil).*/. blood-red, pendulous, 

 in a liroad, cylindric, globose spike. Autumn. I. 3in. to 5in. long, 

 linear, linear-oblong, "or lanceolate, acute, crispidate crenulate, 

 glabrous and glaucous or pubescent beneatli ; radical ones 

 stalked, cauline ones sessile. Alpine and sub-alpine Himalaya. 

 Hardy. (B. M. 68W.) 



P. tomentosum (tomentose). Jl. clear rosy-pink, in erect, spike- 

 formed panicles at the tips of the branches. /. large, (iblong- 

 lanceolate, very much attenuated at the apex, covered on both 

 surfaces, but especially beneath, with greyish hairs. India, 

 1876. A half-hardy or greenhouse perennial. (R. (J. 810.) 



P. vaccinifolium (Whortleberry-leaved).* Jl. bright rose, freely 

 ptdduced in long, nearly round spikes. Late summer and autinnn. 

 I. smooth, ovate or elliptic, attenuated at both ends, the margin 

 slightly revolute, bright green, sonu-times tinged with red above, 

 pale beneath. Steins much-branching, \vo(»dy, prostl'ate. Hima- 

 laya, 1845. A hardy perennial, one of the most u.seful plants for 

 rockwork in cultivation. (B. M. 4622.) 



FOIiTMNIA (dedicated to the muse Polyhymnia, 

 for no obvious reason, the species being coarse and 

 inelegant). Leaf-cup. Ord. ComponUa. A genus com- 

 prising about a dozen species of greenhouse or hardy, 

 glabrous, scabrous-pubescent or villous, often slightly 

 viscid, perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees, natives of 

 America, from Bonaria to Canada. Flower-heads yellow 

 or yellowish, heterogamous, ratlier large, mediocre, or 

 small, corymbosely paniculate; achenes glabrous; in- 

 volucre hemispherical or expanded, with two-seriate 



Fig. 229. Tubers of Polvmnia F.nuus. 



bracts ; receptacle flat. Leaves opposite, or the upper ones 

 alternate, often ample, entire, angulate, or lobed. The 

 species best known to cultivation are descrilted below. 

 They are very useful for sub-tropical gardening in the 

 South of England. A warm position and deep, rich soil 

 are essential elements in their culture. Propagated freely, 

 in sjtring, by divisions ; b.y cuttings, struck in sand, in a 

 gentle heat, during .January ; or by seeds, sown in heat, 

 at the same time. 



Folymnia — continued. 



P, canadensis ((.'anadian). )i..headx whitish-yellow, small ; rays 

 few, oliovate or wedge-shaped, shortei' than the involucre. July, 

 (., lower ones deeply pinnatitld, the uppermost ones triangular- 

 ovate, and three to Hve-lobed or angled, petioled. It. 6ft. North 

 America, 17ci8. Hardy herbaceous perennial. 



P. edulis (eilible). fi.-heait^ yellow. A tall, coarse-growing, hardy 

 perennial, <'ultivated m the Andean region for the sake of its 

 edil)le tubers See Fig. 229. 



P. grandis (large). A syiujiiym of Motitaiioa bipiitnati/ttla. 



P. heracleifolia iHeracleum-leaved). A synonym of Minttanoa 

 hiiu'iiiialiliflu. 



P. pyramidalis (pyramidal)- fl.-headK having a yellow ray and 

 a dark brown disk, disponed in cymes. Sunjuier and autumn. 

 /. cordate-ovate, 12in. long by 16in. Itroad, with decurrent petioles. 

 li. 10ft. A free and ntpid-glowing, half-harily, arborescent 

 jterennial, something like the Sunflower in habit. New 

 (;ren;iil:i, 1867. (R. H. 1867, 210.) 



P. Uveda.lia (Uvedalia) Jl..l>fadn yellow ; rays ten tip fifteen, 

 linear-oblong, nmch longer than the inner scales of the involucre ; 

 outer involucral scales very large. .September. (. broadly ovate, 

 angled and toothed, nearly sessile ; lower ones palmately lobeil, 

 abruptly narrowed into a winged petiole, ti. 4ft. to 10ft. Uniteil 

 States, 1699. Hartly herbaceous perennial. 



POLTPARA. 



fee). 



A synonym of Houttuynia (which 

 Having petals perfectly dis- 



POI.YPETALOUS. 



tinct. 



POIiYPHEMA. A synonym of Arlocarpiia. 



POLYPODIUM (the old Greek name, used by Theo- 

 phrastuS) from puliiH, many, and pudion, a little foot : on 

 account of the appearance of the rhizome and its append- 

 ages). Polypody. Including Aijlnomorpha. CalymmodoHj 

 Campijlonearon, Colysis, Craspedaria, CcitptonQnt.^, Cyrto- 

 tniphlelyiiim, Dibhlemma, Diciymia, Dictyoptens, Dninnria^ 

 Dryostachyum, Ooniopldehiuin, Guniopteris, Grammitis 

 (in part), Lercinopteris^ Lepicystiit, Lopholepis, Micro- 

 (jratnine, Microsoriiim (in part), Monarliosorum., Nipho- 

 ImIus, Niphop.>iix, Parngriimmn, Pliei/opteiix, FIdebodium, 

 Pliymatode.i. Plenpelti.-^, Pieuridium, Polycampium, Ptieuda- 

 tliyritim, and some other less important .so-called genera. 

 Ord. Pilice.-.-. The largest genus of the order, comprising 

 upwards of 4.5U species. It includes plants of two 

 different modes of growth, each series comprising a num- 

 ber of speiues of each of the different kinds of venation, 

 and from all climates. Sori on the back of the lobes, 

 rounil or rarely oblong, not more than twice as long as 

 broad. Polypodiunis are very handsome plants ; they 

 thrive un<ler very varied conditions. Many of them, per- 

 haps, do best in good fibrous loam and soil rich in humus ; 

 others thrive on blocks of fibry peat, on tree-fern stems, 

 or treated as basket-plants. Some of them are eminently 

 adapted for crevices on rockwork. Except where other- 

 wise stated, the species described below thrive under 

 stove treatment. For general culture, &o., .lee Ferns. 



P. acrosticboides (-\crostichum-like). rlu'z. woody, wide-creep- 

 ing, scaly, black in the centre. kIL lin. to 3in. long, Brni, erect. 

 jniiitla 1ft. to 2ft. long, iin. to lin. broad, ligulate, gradually nar- 

 rowed below, naked above, dirty-white-tomentttse l>ene;ith. .sort 

 bright-coliMueil, not immerseil, small, close, covering the whole 

 uii]ier])art of the frond. Ceylon, tjueensland, Ac. Creenhouse. 

 SVN. i\tpfi(>ltvtu-'< acrnstidioktt'R. 



P. adnascens (adnascent). rUiz. slender, ftrm, with linear, de- 

 ciduous scales, sti. Jin. to lin. long, Hrm, erect, jromls dimor- 

 phous ; the barren ones elliptical or spathnlate, blunt ; the fertile 

 ones longer and narrower, 6in. to 12ni. long, .lin. to i'm. broad, 

 naked above, white-tomentose beneath. sori bright-cidonred, 

 small, inmiersed, occupying the whole of the contracted upper 

 part of the frond. India, &c., 1824. Sy.v. Xiplnibnlim a<lnaKCcnx 

 (II. (1. K. 19). 



P. adnatum (adhering). s(/. 6in. to 12in. long, n.aked, glossy. 

 trimris Hft. to 3ft. long, 1ft. broad, with an oblong-hmceolate, 

 entire fertile pinna, 6in. to 9in. long, and IJin. to 2in. broad, :ind 

 several sinnlar lateral ones on each side, the upper ones broadly 

 adnate to the rachis at the base, .lori and arenUr in rows of four 

 to six between the miilrib and edge, (iuatemala, Ac. SvN. 

 ih'niiipidt'h'niin alitiilinii.' 



P. albo punctatlssimum (much dotted with white). A variety 

 of r. ,-n(sxil„liiiiii. 



p. albo-squamatum (white scaly).* rhiz. woody, with dark 

 brown scales, sometimes lin. long. .s^'. 6in. to 12in. long, firm, 

 erect, glossy. Jnuids sometimes simple, usually pimiate, 1ft. to 



