An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



197 



Fomaderris — continued. 



wrinkled on the upper side ; principal veins very prominent be- 

 neath, h. 3ft. t.i 6ft, 1C03. SVN. /'. a.vjvi-m. 



P. aspera (niugli). A synonym of /'. aj'efala. 



P. betulina (ISirch-like).* rt. pale yellow, nearly sessile, in dense, 

 globular heads, solitary or two or three together, on short, 

 axillary or terminal peduncles ; calyx densely hairy ; petals 

 none. I. oblong or obovate, obtuse, seldom above lin. long. A 

 slender shrub or small tree, with elongated branches. (B. M. 

 3212.) 



P. discolor (two-coloured). A variety of /'. eUiptica. 



P. eUiptica (elliptic). Jl- pale yellow; calyx white-tomentose ; 

 petals usuiUly broadly cordate or nearly orbicidar, concave, on 

 slender claws, often narrower, occasionally abortive ; cymes 

 numerous, in liirli'itonious panicles. June. l. petiolate, ovate, 

 oblong or ovate-l;iiHc.i|:ite, obtuse or rarely acute, usually 2in. 

 to 3in. long, entire nr with margins slightly waved, white-touien- 

 tose beneath. A. 6ft. 1805. (B. M. 1610.) The variety disoUur 

 has the calyx tube less silky-hairy, and the leaves often less 

 obtuse. 



P. erioifolia (Heath-leaved). A synonym of P. plnilici/ulia. 



P. lanigera (woolly). Jl. pale yellow ; calyx tube half as long as 

 the lolies; petals ovate, concave, on slender claws ; panicles 

 often larger and less cniymbtise than in P. cllijitka. April. 

 I. oblong or ovate-lanct'olate, the under side, as well as the young 

 branches, clothed with soft, often rusty, tomentum. h. 3ft. 1806. 

 (15. M. 1823.) ,slv\. Ccani:ltnis lu,ii:icr(\. li. R, 569). 



P, ledifolia (I.edum-leaved). y/. pale yellow, few, in small, loose, 

 shortly pedunculate cymes in the upper axils ; calyx tube very 

 short ; petals narrow, slightly concave. April. I. narrow, 

 oblong, obtuse, about iin. long, entire, glabrous above, white 

 beneath, the margins slightly recurved, h. 2ft 1824. 



P. phillyreoides (Phillyrea-like). il. pale yellow, variable in 

 size ; cymes compact, in small, terminal panicles ; calyx tube 

 shorter than the lobes ; petals similar to those of /*. I'lUptica, 

 but usually narrower. April. I. seldom Uin. long, t>blong or 

 oval, obtuse t>r acute, entire, firm, glabrous or minutely hoary 

 above, softly white t)r rusty-downy beneath, h. 2ft. 1818. .SvN. 

 /'. amimiiiciUvJiilia (B. M. 3219). 



P. phyllcifolla (Phylica-leaved). il. pale yellow, small and few, 

 in little, loose cymes in the upper axils, the upper ones forming 

 thyrsuid, leafy panicles ; petals muie. April. /. narrow or linear- 

 oblong, nearly sessile, seldoui abt)ve ^in. long ; margins nuich 

 revotute ; under surface white-tomentose, upper surface hairy ; 

 leaves sometimes broader, and nearly Hat. /(. 2ft. 1819. (L. B. C. 

 120.) Sv.v. y. ei-ici/ulia. 



P. vacciniifolia (Whortleberry-leaved), y?. cream-colour ; cymes 

 siuall, in ovoid, terminal panicles of about lin. in length; calyx 

 tube very short ; petals broad, l. ovate or nearly orbicular, 

 very obtuse, seldom above ^in. long, glabrous above, white on 

 the under surface. 1869. 



FOMARIA (named after Pomar, physician to 

 Philip III. of Spain). Ord. Lerjumiiiiisa;. A genus com- 

 prising five or .six species of greeulioiise, unarmed trees 

 or shrubs, more or less blaclv-dotted, mostly extra-tropical 

 South American, and now included, by Bontham and 

 Hooker, under Cwsali^inia. Calyx segments entire or 

 at length loosely glanduloso- fimbriate. Pods oblong or 

 lanceolate, oblittue or falcate, glandulose. Leaflets usually 

 small, coriaceous. For culture of P. ijlandiduaa, the only 

 species introduced, see Csesalpinia. 



P. glandulosa (glandular). _/f. yellow, disposed in axillary 

 racemes ; jictals five, shortly unguiculate. May. l. abrtiptly 

 bipiiniate ; stijiules ]iinnatitid. h. 2ft. New Spain, 1826. The 

 branches, calyx, and corolla, are glandular. 



FOMATOCALFA. A synonym of Cleisvstomu. 



FOMAX (from poma, an operculum ; referring to 

 the operculum of the fruit). Okd. Riibiacea:. A mono- 

 typio genus. The species is a small, greenhouse, branched, 

 hirsute or glabrous under-shrub. It only differs from 

 Opercularia (which see for culture) " in the simple 

 flower-heads forming an umbel, instead of being united in 

 a compound head " (Bentham). 

 P. hirta (hairy). A synonym of /'. aiiilvllala. 



P. umbellata (umbelled). jl. gi-eenish-white, disposed in a 

 terminal, sessile umliel within the last leaves ; corolla about Jin. 

 long. .Inly. I. petiolate, ovate, ellijitical, or lanceolate, mostly 

 under ^in. long, or rather more when narrow, h. not more than 

 1ft. A'ustralia, 1826. HVNs. 7'. hirta, Opercularia uinbcUata. 



FOMBALIA. Included under lunicliiini. 



FOME. A fleshy, many-celled fruit, e. 

 F01HE.S. A tribe of Rosacece 



.g., an 



Apple. 



FOMEGRANATE (Punica Grnnatum). A deciduous 

 tree, which ranges from 1.5ft. to 20ft. in height, and has 

 numerous, slender branches, some being armed with sharp 

 thorns. It is a native of Cabul and Persia, and is pro- 

 bably wild in North-west India; it is very commonly 

 cultivated throughout the warmer regions of the globe. 

 The fruit of the Pomegranate will be remembered in 

 connection with Scripture hi,story, where it is mentioned 

 in conjunction with that of the Vino, Fig-tree, Olive, &c. 

 The cultivation of the tree dates back, therefore, to re- 

 mote antiquity : it is saiil to have been introduced to 

 this country before IGOO, and to have been cultivated by 

 Gerarde. Although such an old occupant of our 

 gardens, it is very seldom that fruits are ripened. The 

 fruits " are generally about the size of the fist, and 

 have a tough, leathery rind, of a beautiful deep 

 golden colour, tinged with red, and are crowned with 

 the remains of the calyx lobes" ("Treasury of Botany"). 



Fig. 219. Fruiting Branciilet of Pomegranate 



See Fig. 24'J. As an ornamental tree, the Pomegranate 

 is much prized in the South of Europe, and in many 

 Eastern countries ; but in Britain even its flowering 

 is chiefly limited to the most exceptionally favoured 

 localities. There is a double-flowered variety, and con- 

 siderable variation of colour exists amongst those 

 both with single and double flowers. The flowers 

 are produced on the ends of branches made annually, 

 sometimes singly, at others three or four together ; 

 generally, where they appear at all, a succession is kept 

 up from about Juno irntil September. In inland and 

 northern districts, the Pomegranate should be grown 

 against a south wall, or in a tub or large pot in a 

 greenhouse. A rich, loamy soil is that best suited to its 

 requirements. Single varieties may be raised from seeds, 

 and all varieties increased by cuttings, suckers, layers, 

 or by grafting, using the common sort as a stock. 



FONCEIiETIA. A synonym of Sprengelia (which 



see). 



FONDWEES. See Fotamogeton. 



FOITERA (from pmieros, miseraldo ; referring to the 

 appearance of the species). Syn. Nemacunut. Ord. 

 Orchidew. A genus comprising six or seven species of 

 stove, epiphytal orchids, natives of Central America and 

 Mexico. Flowers rather small, axillary, in tufts upon the 

 young leafy or the old leafless stems ; sepals erect, fleshy, 

 the lateral ones largest, and connate with the elongated 

 foot of the column; petals free; lip naked, two-lobed, 

 wedge-shaped, articulate with the foot of the column, 

 whicli is short and terete ; anther membranous, four- 

 celled, contaimng four poUen masses, adhering in pairs by 

 means of two powdery raudicles. Leaves altenate, in 

 two rows, almost grass-like. The species introduced — 

 (imethystina, gmminifolia, Kietiaslii, leucanllia, mmro- 

 ijlossa, pleuvostachys, and striata — are all of botanical 

 I interest only. 



