An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



227 



Propagation — continued. 

 ceeding ; it consists in taking up the sucker, with all its 

 roots, and repbinting it at any time when the parent 

 plant or tree may also be safely removed. Suckers are 

 not always to be favoured ; they are inclined to similarly 

 reproduce themselves, and rob sap which should proceed 

 to the one main stem. Such things as Filberts, Lilacs, 

 Easpberries, &c.. may, however, be propagated from 

 suckers ; and for an example of plants in pots which 

 may be similarly increased. Chrysanthemums may be 

 cited. Runners proceed along the ground, and form 

 small plants, which are first nourished by the parent, but 

 afterwards root and support themselves. Varieties of 

 Strawberries are almost exclusively propagated by run- 

 ners, and there are several other examples. Propagation 

 by division is generally understood to mean the parting 

 of the rootstock of a plant and inserting the pieces 

 thus obtained with roots, to form separate plants. It 

 is a very important method, often available when many of 

 the others are impracticable, or employed with difficulty 

 or uncertainty. 



FKOFAGIITES. Bulblets formed on the stems of 

 some plants. 



FROFENDENT. Hanging forwards and down- 

 wards. 



FKOFHYLLA. Primary leaves. 



FROSAFTIA. Included under Davallia (which 

 see ) . 



FROSARTES. Included under Disponuu (which 



see). 



FROSELIA. Included under Chmtanthem. 



FROSERFINACA (an old Latin name, used by 

 Pliny, probably from proserpo, to creep ; in reference to 

 the creeping stems). Mermaid Weed. Svn. Tri.ci.i. Obd. 

 Haloragea;. A genus comprising a couple of species of 

 hardy, aquatic herbs, inhabiting North America and the 

 West Indies. Flowers minute, axillary, sessile, solitary 

 or clustered. Leaves alternate, sub-sessile, lanceolate, 

 dentate or pectinate-pinnatifid. Stems creeping at the 

 base. The species should be grown in large pans of 

 water, with a little soil for the roots to run in ; or they 

 may be cultivated in ponds. They require shelter during 

 winter. 



P. palustris (marsh-loving), jl. white. Summer. (. lanceolate, 

 sliai'i'ly serrate, the lower pectinate when under water. Canada. 

 Ac, 1818. 



P. pectinacea (pectinate), ft. white. .Summer. I. all pectinate, 

 tile ilivision linear-awl-shaped. North America, <Sc., 1821. 



FROSOFIS (an old Greek name used by Dioscorides 

 for the Butter-bur). Including Algarohia. Ord. Legumi- 

 nosw. This genus comprises about eighteen species of 

 trees or shrubs, often armed with hooked prickles or 

 stout, axillary spines, or with both, dispersed through 

 the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Flowers small, in 

 cylindrical spikes, or rarely in globose heads ; calyx cam- 

 panulate, shortly dentate ; petals valvate. Leaves bi- 

 pinnate, generally rigid, and of a glaucous hue, with 

 only one or two pairs of pinnas, but with a considerable 

 number of leaflets. The species are very rarely seen in 

 cultivation, with the exception of P. i:iliqua.<strum, a 

 nearly hardy tree, which thrives in sandy loam. Propa- 

 gation is effected by rather firm young shoots, taken off 

 close to the older stems, and inserted in sand, under a 

 glass, in gentle heat. 



P. siliquastrum (.Siliqua-podded). ft. white. /. with two or 

 three pair.s of pinnae, each pinna having numerous pairs of 

 linear, olituse leaflets. Spines stipular, twin, straight, k. 30ft. 

 to 40ft. Chili, 1827. 



FROSTANTHERA (from prosUthemi, to append, 

 and anthem, an anther; alluding to the connectives of 

 the anthers being spurred beneath). Australian Mint- 

 bush or Mint-tree. Including Chilodia. Ord. Labiatw. 



Frostanthera — continued. 

 An Australian genus comprising thirty-eight species of 

 greenhouse shrubs or under-shrubs, studded with resinous 

 glands, and usually strongly scented. Flowers generally 

 white or red, shortly stalked, with a pair of bracteoles 

 close under the calyx ; calyx campanulate, the limb of 

 two broad, entire lips ; corolla tube short, dilated into 

 a broad, campanulate throat, the upper Up of the limb 

 broadly two-lobed, the lower three-lobed ; whorls two- 

 flowered, axillary or disposed in a terminal raceme. 

 Nutlets ovoid, reticulately wrinkled. Leaves entire or 

 toothed, often rather small, the upper ones conformed 

 or reduced to deciduous bracts. The species best known, 

 and most worth growing, are the under-mentioned. They 

 are all shrubs. A sandy-peat soil suits them best. Plenty 

 of drainage is at all times essential. Propagated by 

 cuttings of the young shoots. 



P. cuneata (wedge-leaved). /. all axillaiy, hut sometimes 

 crowded into terminal, leafy racemes ; corolla white, with purple 

 spots, twice as long as the calyx. June. I. sessile or nearly so, 

 often crowded on the short branchlets, obovate-cuneate or almost 

 orbicular, obtuse, entire or crenate, the margins often sUglitly 

 revolute. h. 2ft. 



P. empetrifolia(Empetrum-leaved). /.ancillary; corolla violet, 

 fully twice as long as the calyx. September. (. sessile, linear, 

 acute, entire, with revolute margins, rarely above ^in. long. 

 h. 2ft. 1829. (13. M. 3405, under name of Chilodia scutellari- 

 oidcs.) 



P. lasianthos (woolly-flowered). Victorian Dogwood, ft. white, 

 tinged witli red, hairy, opposite, in pairs ; throat of corolla 

 spotted with red inside: pedicels short; racemes panicled. 

 .Tune. t. petiolate, usually oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, den- 

 tately serrated, 2in. to 3in. long. Branches nearly glabrous. 

 h. 3ft. to 6ft. 1808. This species proves nearly hardy in favoured 

 spots, and when grown against a wall. (A. B. R. 641 ; B. M. 2434 ; 

 B. E. 143.) 



P. nivea (snowy).* ft. snow-white, or tinged with pale blue, rather 

 large, axillary, the upper ones forming terminal, leafy racemes ; 

 corolla twice as long as the calyx. /. sessile, linear-terete, with 

 incurved or involute margins, or flat when fresh, acute or obtuse, 

 rather slender, mostly ^in. to lin. long, the upper floral ones 

 .smaller A. 3ft. to 6ft. 1866. A beautiful species. (B. M. 5658.) 



P, rotundifolia (round-leaved), ft. purple, in short, close, ter- 

 nnnal racemes, the lower ones sometimes in the axils of the leaves, 

 like the stem ones. July. I. broadly ovate-orbicular or spathu- 

 late, on rather long petioles, very obtuse, entire or slightly 

 crenulate, all less than iin., and sometimes under iin., long. 

 h. 3ft. 1824. 



P. violacea (violet).* ft. usually bluish-purple, in two or three 

 pairs, forming small, terminal, compact racemes ; corolla not 

 twice as long as the calyx, and sometimes scarcely exceeding it. 

 June. L very small, shortly but distinctly petiolate, broadly 

 ovate or orbicular, more or less crenate, with revolute margins, 

 rarely exceeding two lines, and often not more than one line, long. 

 h. 4ft. 1820. (B. E. 1072.) 



FROTANBROUS. See Froteraudrous. 



FROTEA (from Proteus, the versatile sea-god; in 

 allusion to the diversity of the species). Syns. Eroden- 

 dron, Leucadendroii (of Linnajus), Pleuranthe. Oed. 

 Proteacece. A genus comprising about sixty species of 

 magnificent, greenhouse shrubs or small trees, almost all 

 natives of extra-tropical South Africa, one or two ex- 

 tending in tropical Africa as far as Abyssinia. Flowers 

 solitary, densely capitate, surrounded sometimes by 

 coloured bracts ; heads usually large, globose or rarely 

 oblong, cone-like ; receptacle thick, flat or convex ; in- 

 volucral scales numerous, imbricated, or the lower ones 

 sometimes elongated, blackish or coloured. Leaves 

 alternate or scattered, coriaceous, rigid, entire, very 

 variable in shape. Many of the species have been intro- 

 duced to cultivation, but are now only rarely met with. 

 They require an airy greenhouse, with exposure to full 

 sunlight ; during summer, they should be placed out of 

 doors Most of them thrive only in well-drained, sandy 

 peat, and they are induced to flower freely by allowing 

 them to become pot-bound after they have grown to the 

 required size. Some form large shrubs, and flower on 

 the ends of the branches ; whilst others are dwarf and 

 trailing, and the flowers are produced on the old stem, 

 close to the ground. Fifty years ago, these plant-; oc- 

 cupied a position in horticulture almost as prominent 



