An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



237 



Primus — contimied. 



pubescent pedicels. April, /r. purple or crimson, with a bloom, 

 globular, i!n. to lin. in diameter, the stone very turgiil. I. ovate 

 or oval, finely serrated, softly pubescent beneath, h. 2ft. to 3ft. 

 North America, 1800. Plant straggling. 



P. Mume (Mume). fl. appearing early, usually twin, sub-sessile. 

 fr. globose, very slightly velvety ; stone oval, convex, foveolate. 

 I. rounded at base, obovate or broadly elliptic, long-cuspidate, 

 argutely duplicate-serrated, glabrous or mostly pubescent- 

 scabrous beneath. Japan. (S. Z. F. J. ii.) 



P. nigra (black). A sjTionym of P. ainericana. 



P. paniculata (paniculate). A synonym of Ceroius pseudo- 



P. pennsylvanica (Peunsylvanian). American Wild Red Cherry. 

 jU white, many in a cluster, on long pedicels. May. .fr. light 

 red, globose, very small, with thin and sour flesh ; stone globular. 

 (. oblong-lanceolate, pointed, finely and sharply serrated, shining, 



freen and smooth on both sides. Bark light reddish-brown. 

 . 20ft. to 30ft. North .\merica, 1773. See Fig. 301. 

 P. Persica (Persica). A .synonym of Pcrsica imtgaris. 

 P. Pissardii (Pissard's).* Ji. white. March and April. ./)■. small, 

 or hardly medium size, somewhat oval, deep red or purple, even 

 when very young ; flesh pulpy, sugary when mature. (. glabrous, 

 broadly oval, red-punde. Twigs glossy Idack. A handsome, orna- 

 mental shrub or small tree, introduced to Europe, a few years 

 ago, from Persia. (R. H. 1881, 190.) 

 P. pumila (dwarf). This is the correct name of the plant de- 

 scribed in this work as Ccrasiis depressa. 

 P. salicifolia (Willow-leaved). JI. white, small, growing singly 

 or several together. April, fr. about the coli>ur and size of 

 those of /*. cerasifera. I. obovate, acuminate, glossy and rugulose 

 above, quite smooth beneath, finely serrulated, the serratures 

 minutely glandular ; petioles short, without glands. China. 

 P. sinensis (Chinese).* Jl. white, small, disposed in clusters along 

 the shoots. Spring, fr. small, globuhar, deep red, of peculiar 

 but agreeable flavour. I. oblong, acuminated, serrulated. 

 China, 1869. Of this species, there are varieties with rose and 

 double white flowers. See Fig. 302. 

 P. spinosa (spiny). Blackthorn or .Sloe. Jl. white, rising before 

 or with the leaves, on solitary peduncles. Spring. Jr. black, 

 routulish, sour or acid. I. obovate-elliptic or ovate, smooth 

 except when young, sharply and doubly serrated, h. 10ft. to 

 15ft. Europe (Britain). A well-known, deciduous shrub, with 

 spinose branches. (Sy. En. B. 408.) There are two or three 

 varieties, including double-flowered, variegated-leaved, large- 

 fruited, and egg-shape-fruited, forms. 

 P. subhirtella (somewhat hairy). /. white, with a red calyx, 

 small, borne three or four together on the short growths. I. small, 

 ovate, acuminate. Branches pendent, with slender branchlets. 

 k. 10ft. Japan, 1868. An elegant tree. Syn. Ct'rasus pendula. 

 P# triloba (three-lobed).* Jl. white or rose, generally double, 

 large. Early spring. I. three-lobed, appearing after the flowers. 

 A, 6ft. China, 1857. A very handsome, early-flowering shrub. 

 SVNS. /'. virffata (of gardens), Amyfidalopsi^ LiinUaii (F. d. S. 

 XV. 1532; R. G. 1863, 53 and 54), Pruiwpsis LliuUei/i (R. H. 

 1883, 367). 

 P. virgata (twiggy). A synonym of P. triloba. 



FKURIENT. Stinging- ; causing an itching sensation. 

 FSAMMA (from jisoiiimo.'i, sand ; alluding to the 

 use to which the species are put). Marrem Grass. Ord. 

 GraminecB. A small genus (two species) of hardy grasses, 

 inhabiting the shores of Europe (Britain) and North 

 Africa. S pikelets in a contracted panicle, much laterally 

 compressed, one-fid ; empty glumes two, scarcely exceed- 

 ing the fioweriug ones, rigid, long, narrow, keeled ; flower- 

 ing glume -i rigid, slightly pedicelled, with an oblique 

 callus, and a small pencil of silky hairs at the base. 

 P. arenaria is, on some parts of the coa^t, employed for 

 binding sea sandbanks ; it is also used for making mats 

 and thatch. It grows freely in any sandy soil, and may be 

 raised from seeds, but is most readily increased by cutting 

 the long, creeping rhizomes into pieces, and planting them 

 where recjuired. 



P. arenaria (sand-loving), fl. , spikelets erect ; pedicels scabrid ; 

 panicle white, sub-cylindric, 3in. to 6in. long, straight, broadest 

 and sometimes lobed at base, the branche.s .short. July. 

 I. long, rigid, convolute, polished without, scabrous and glaucous 

 within ; sheaths long ; ligule very long, bifid. Stems 2ft. to 4ft. 

 high. Rootstock widely creeping. (Sy. En. B. 172Z) 



P. baltica (Baltic). This is very similar to P. arenaria ; it chiefly 

 differs in its looser, less cylindric panicles. (J. B., 1872, 127.) 



FSAMMISIA (named after Psammis, or Psammites, 

 a King of Egypt, B.C. 376). Okd. Vaccitnacece. A 

 genus comprising nearly thirty species of stove or warm 

 greenhouse, branched, sometimes epiphytal shrubs, natives 



Fsammisia — continued. 

 of the Andes and the mountains of Venezuela and 

 Guiana. Flowers frequently scarlet, rather large, dis- 

 posed in axillary racemes or corymbs, rarely solitary or 

 fascicled ; calyx urceolatc-campanulate, with a five-lobed 

 or toothed limb ; corolla tubular, ventricose or rarely 

 conico-globose at base, with a five-lobed, erecto-patent 

 limb ; bracts sometimes pink. Leaves alternate, per- 

 sistent, coriaceous, sessile or petiolate, entire or sub- 

 serrate. The species best known in gardens are here 

 described. For culture, see Thibaudia. 

 P. Hookeriana (Hooker's).* Jl. (including the calyx) deep rose- 

 red, paler at the mouth, nearly'lin. long, disposed in axillary and 

 sub-terminal, four to six-flowered racemes. September. I. alter- 

 nate, on short petioles, oblong-oliovate, acuminate, but usually 

 rather obtuse, h. lift, to 2ft. (in its native ])lace 6ft. to 12ft.). 

 Columbia. (B. M. 4344, under name of Thibaudia pichitwhcnsis 

 alabra.) Sv.x. P. picliinc/ieiisis 'jlabra. 

 P. Jessicae (Mrs. John Bateman's).* Jl. pale red, -^in. long, 

 between oblong and cylindric, fleshy ; racemes short, solitary, 

 from ten to twelve-flowered. September. I. ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, 6iu. to lOin. long, shortly petioled, rounded at the 

 base, narrowed into a long, acuminate apex, quite entire. 

 Branches pendulous. Caraccas, 1865. (B. M. 5547, under name 

 of Thibaudia Jessicce.) 

 P. longicolla (long-necked). Jl., corolla bottle-shaped, the 

 widest and longest portion of the tube scarlet, the column or 

 neck much contracted, and green, as are the five sub-triangular 

 and somewhat spreading lobes of the limb ; racemes short, 

 axillary, glomerate, drooping, partially bracteolate ; pedicels 

 fleshy. Autumn. I. glossy, coriaceous, 3in. to 4in. long, shortly 

 petioled, much acuminated, entire, h. 3ft. to 4ft. South 

 America, 1865. (B. M. 5526.) 

 P. penduliflora (i>eniUilous - flowered). Ji. rich scarlet ; 

 corolla large, pitcher-shaped, suddenly contracted into a 

 greenish, five-lobed apex ; racemes solitary, axillary, many- 

 flowered, secund, and drooping. I. about 4in. long, glossy- 

 gieen, shortly petioled, elliptical, very entire, much and rather 

 finely acuminated, sub-distichous, the base obtuse. Branches 

 terete, green, tinged with red. Caraccas, 1860. (B. M. 5204.) 

 P. pichinctaensis glabra (Pichincha, smooth). A synonym of 



P. Uoofceriaiia. 

 P, sarcantha (Heshy-Howered). Jl. red, tipped with green ; 

 corolla tubular-urceolate, fleshy, disposed in racemes or sub- 

 umbellate ; pedicels one-flowered. Spring, i. alternate, coria- 

 ceous, on short petioles. Stem erect, branched. New Grenada, 

 1864. (B. M. 5450, under name of Thibaudia sarcantha.) Syn. 

 P. sclcrophiiUa. 

 P. sclerophylla (hanl-leaved). A synonym of P. sarcantha. 



FSEUDiEGLE SEFIARIA. A synonym of 

 Citrus trifoliata (which see). 



FSEUDAIaAITGIUM. A synonym of Marlea 

 (which see). 



FSZSUDATKYRIUM. Included under Foly- 

 podium (which nee). 



FSEUSOBAKLEKIA (of Anderson). A synonym of 

 Fetalidiuui (which see). 



FSEUDO-BUIiB. A bulb in appearance, but not in 

 structure ; a corm ; the thickened internode in epiphytal 

 Orchids. 



FSEUDOSRACONTIXJIIX (from pseitrfo, false, and 

 Drncontium ; in allusion to its resemblance to that plant). 

 Okd. Aroidew (Arncew). A genus comprising only a 

 couple of species of stove, tuberous herbs, natives of 

 Cochin China. Male flowers scattered ; females densely 

 crowded ; spathe erect, boat-shaped, acute, shortly con- 

 volute at base, opening above ; spadix shorter than the 

 spathe, thick, sessile ; peduncle much shorter than the 

 petiole. Leaves trisected, the segments cut or pinnate ; 

 pinn.'E lanceolate, acuminate, the upper ones confluent and 

 decurreht, the lower ones remote and sessile ; petioles 

 elongated, thick, sheathing at base. One species has been 

 introduced ; it requires culture similar to Caladium 

 (which see). 



P. Iiacourii (I.acour's). This is the con-ect name of the plant 

 described in this work as Anwrphophallus I^acouri. 



FSEUSOIiAIMX (from psendo, false, and Lari.c, 

 the Larch, which it resembles). False or Chinese Larch; 

 Golden Larch. Okd. Coniferw. A monotypic genus, the 

 species being a uoble, hardy tree. It is distinguishable 



