264 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Qnercus — continued. 



velvety, sub-equal scales; nut more or less exserted, rarely in- 

 cluded, l. elliptic or ohlong, cordate at base, or obtuse or rarely 

 acute, sparsely spiny-toothed or muoronate-serrate, or rarely 

 entire, rigid, on short petioles. Branchlets stellately pubescent. 

 k. iSft. South Europe, Ac, 1683. Evergreen. The bark of this 

 species is used by tanners, und it sustains an insect like the 

 cochineal, which is used as a crimson dye. (K. E. E. 29 ; 

 S. F. G. 944.) 



Fig. 345. Branchlet of Quercus Cerris, with Acorn. 



Q. coccinea (scarlet).* /., catkins pilose, fr. top-shaped or hemi- 

 spherical, with a conical, scaly base, seven to nine lines broad, 

 coarsely scaly ; nut ^in. to ^in. long, half or more covered by the 

 cup. I., in the ordinary forms (at least, on full-grown trees), 

 bright green, shining above, turning red in autumn, deeply 

 pinnatind, 3in. to Sin. long, 2in. to Sin. broad ; lobes divergent 

 and sparingly cut-toothed; petioles lin. to 2in. long. k. oOft. 

 North America, 1691. Deciduous. (E. T. S. M. 163.) 



O, conferta (clustered).* Hungarian Oak. I very shortly stalked 

 or almost sessile, 5in. to 7in. or more long, 3in. to 4in. broad, 

 pubescent beneath with stellate hairs, oblong-obovate, tapering 

 gradually to the base, pinnately lobed ; lobes oblong, acute, not 

 spine-pointed, entire or slightly "lobulate ; petioles pilose ; stipules 

 longer than the petioles. South-eastern Europe. (G. C. n. s., 

 v. 85.) Syn. V. pannuiiica. 



Q, cupressoides (Cypress-like). A synonym of Q. pedunculata 



Q. cuspidata (cuspidate). ./?., catkins slender, simple or 

 hranched, almost e<|ualling the leaves, slightly erect, fr. in an 

 alternate, ovoid, acute, fulvous-velvety spike, the scales sub- 

 verticillate, connate except at the apex, including the nut. 

 I. acute or obtuse at base, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 

 entire or undulate-serrate, coriaceous, l^in. to S^in. long, seven to 

 fifteen lines broad, on short petioles ; young ones pilose, adults 

 glabrous. /*. 30ft. Japan. Evergreen. (G. C. n. s., xii. 253; 

 S. Z. F. J. 2.) anfjustirolia And latifolia are respectively narrow- 

 leaved and broad-leaved forms, variegata is a form with prettily- 

 variegated foliage. 



Q. densiilora (dense-flowered), fi., catkins dense-flowered, 

 etiiuilling nr sliglitly longer than the leaves, /r. one to three on a 

 peduncle shorter than the petioles ; cup :^in. long, nearly 3in. 

 broad, the outer scales silky, the inner ones adpressed, iin. long ; 

 nut half-exserted, ovoid, pubescent. I. obtuse or rarely acute at 

 base, oblong, ovate, or obovate-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute at 

 apex ; margins cartilaginous, revolute, undulated, entire or nearly 

 so ; young ones stellately tomentose on both sides. California, 

 1865. Semi-evergreen tree or shrub. 



Quercus — continued. 



Q. Esculus (Esculus). Italian Oak. fr. nearly sessile, solitary 

 or in pairs ; cup scaly, hemispherical ; nut the size of a small pea. 

 I. scattered, aggregated at the top, ovate-oblong, sinuated, 

 smooth, paler beneath, 2in. to 3in. long, not more than Ijin. 

 liroad ; segments bluntish, somewhat angular at the bjise. 

 /). 20ft. to 30ft. South Europe, 1759. 



Q. falcata (sickle-shaped). American "Spanish" Oak. jl., cat- 

 kins slender, pilose, 2in. to 3in. long. fr. solitary or twin, on a 

 very short peduncle ; cup saucer-shaped, with a somewhat tur- 

 binate base, about half the length of the globose, brown nut, 

 which is four to five lines l(uig. /. obtuse or rounded at the base, 

 very variable, three to five-Iobed al)ove, greyish-downy or fulvous 

 underneath, 3in. to 5in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad ; lobes prolonged, 

 mostly narrow and more or "less scythe-shaped, especially the ter- 

 minal one, entire or sparingly cut-toothed. North America, 1763. 

 A large, deciduous tree, often 80ft. high ; bark rich in tannin. 



O. ferruginea (rusty). A synonym of Q. nif/ra. 



Q,. fruticosa (shrubby). A synonym of Q. humilxs. 



Q. glabra (glabrous). Japanese Oak. fl., male spikes IJin. to 2in. 



long, erect, usually solitary, the rachis slightly adpressed-pilose. 

 Jr. solitary or fascicled and connate at the siiles of a peduncle ; 

 cup hemispherical, seven to eight lines broad, with cinereous- 

 velvety, adpressed scales, thrice exceeded by the oblong nut. 

 L obovate-oblong, long-narrowed to the base, obtuse at apex, 

 acuminate, entire, glabrous, 2in. to 4in. long, lin. to l^in. broad, 

 on petioles nearly iin. long. Branches glabrous, h, 

 Japan, 1879. Evergreen. (G. C. n. s., xiv. 785 ; S. Z. F. J. i. 89.) 



Q. glandullfera (gland-bearing).* /., catkins filiform, loose, pen- 

 dulous ; female spikes hoary-pubescent, longer or shorter than 

 the petioles, few-tiowered. fr. solitary or few to a peduncle ; cup 

 hemispherical, five to eight lines broad, with adpressed, puljeru- 

 lous, lanceolate scales ; nut ovoid or ellipsoid, twice or thrice 

 exceeding the cup. I. obtuse or rarely acute at base, elliptic, 

 obovate, or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, glan- 

 dular-serrate, 2in. to 5in. long, ^in. to 2in. broad ; young ones 

 adpressedly silky ; adults glabrous above ; petioles varying from 

 one to six lines long. h. . Japan, 1870. Evergreen. The 

 plant grown in gardens under this name, and figured (J. C. n. s., 

 xiv. 714, is probably a hybrid from Q. Cerris sithperennis. SVNS. 

 ij. austriaca sempennrens, Q. sclerophylla (of gardens). 



Q. glanca (glaucous). /., catkins loose-flowered, diffuse, solitary 

 or fasciculate, nearly 2in. long, the rachis tomentose. fr. solitary 

 or twin, on a very short peduncle ; cup hemispherical, four to five 

 lines long, with five to seven concentric, silky lamelLne ; nut ovoid- 

 acute, about eight lines long. I. acute or slightly obtuse at i>ase, 

 ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, serrate or undulate-serrate, 

 2iin. to 5in. long, |in. to 2in. broad ; young ones much narrowed 

 at base, sparsely pilose above, adpressedly silky beneath. Young 

 branches sparsely pilose, h. 30ft. .Japan, 1822. Deciduous. Of 

 this species, several varieties are to be found in gardens. 



Q. gramuntia (Gramont). A synonym of Q. Ilex. 



Q. humilis (dwarf), fr. sessile or shortly pedunculate ; cup 

 shortened, broadly cyathiform, with adpressed, greyish-pubescent 

 scales ; nut move or less exceeding the cup. I. sometimes per- 

 sistent, shortly petiolate, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, with irregular, 

 acute or obtuse teeth, lin. to Ijin. long, Ain. to lin. broad, on 

 very short petioles, sparsely pul:)erulons above, hoary beneath. 

 h. lit. to IHt. South-west Europe, 1874. Shrub or under-shrub. 

 ((;. C. n. s., i. 113.) Syn. Q. fruticosa. 



Q. Ilex (Holly).* Evergieen, Holly, or Holm Oak. ft. solitary or 

 few on a peduncle, or sub-sessile ; cup hemispherical or rarely 

 turbinate, with velvety, erect, more or less adpressed scales, 

 rarely slightly spreading at apex ; nut fully twice as large as the 

 calyx. I. elliptic, oblong, ovate or lanceolate, acute, toothed or 

 entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath, as well as on the 

 branches, velvety stellate-hoary. South Europe, 1581. A large, 

 evergreen shrub, or low or middle-sized tree, of which there are 

 many varieties. (K. E. E. 58 ; W. D. B. 90.) Syn. 0. i/ramitntia. 

 The principal forms are : crUpa, leaves wrinkled at the edges ; 

 farjifolia, leaves broader and less rigid, more or less undulated, 

 and sometimes slightly serrated ; integnfotia, leaves lanceolate, 

 entire ; latifolia, leaves broad and almost entire; Ion fji folia, leaves 

 very loni: and narrow; serrati/olia, leaves lanceolate, serrated; 

 /-'orrfii (Syn. lastiiiiafa), habit pyramidal, not spreading as in the 

 type(R. H. 1861, 114). 



Q. I. fastigiata (pyramidal). A synonym of Q. I. Fordii. 



Q, ilicifolia (Holly-leaved). Bear or Black Scrub Oak. fr., cup 

 sauL-er-^liaped, about half as long as the fully-developed nut, 

 turbinate at base; nut brown, ovoid, L-loludar, five to six lines 

 long. I. obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly five (rarely 

 three to seven) lobed, 2in. to 4in. long, white-downy beneath, 

 rather thick, on slender petioles ; lobes short and triangular, 

 spreading. Young branches slightly velvety-hoary. A. 3ft. to 8ft. 

 North America, 1800. A straggling, deciduous shrub. (E. T. S. M. 

 171.) Syn. Q. Banisteri. 



Q. imbrlcarla (imbricating). Laurel Oak ; Shingle Oak. 

 fi., catkins slender, pilose, lin. to Uin. long. fr. solitary, sessile 

 or very shortly pedunculate ; cup three to four lines long, narrowed 

 at the base, inclosing one-half to one-third of the nearly hemi- 

 spherical nut, the broad and whitish scales closely adpressed 



