An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



265 



Qaercns — continued. 



I. entire. Sin. to bin. lonir, l:\nceolate-oblong. acute or obtuse at 

 eacli eml, nuicronate, pale anil downy beneath, borne on short 

 petioles. /(. 40ft. to 50ft. North America. Deciduous. 



Q,, incana (hoary). Ji., catkins slender, often lin. long. fr. solitary, 

 twin, ov in threes ; cup,when young, covered with ovate, adpressed, 

 pubescent scales ; nut ovoid-oblong, half as long a^ain as the cup. 

 I. r)vate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, 

 remotely serrated except at base, stellate-puberulou^ above, 

 minutely stellate-tomentose beneath. Young branches velvety- 

 hoary. V(. 40ft. Xepaul, 1818. Evergreen. Syn. (j. lanata. 



Q.. inversa (inverted-fruited). A synonym of <J. thalassica. 



Q,. lanata (woolly). A synonym of Q. incana. 



Q, libani (Lebanon), jr. solitary, sub-sessile; cup campanulate, 

 iin. til lin. long, with thick, greyish-velvety, adpressed scales; 

 nut broadly ellipsoid, depressed at apex, slightly or twice exceed- 

 ing the cup. /. ovate-lanceolate, acute, obtuse or acute at base, 

 liin. to 3in. long, eight to fifteen lines broad, deeply crenate- 

 serrate, glabrous above, tlie voung ones minutely stellate- 

 puherulnus beneath, h. 30ft. Syria, 1870. (R. H. 1872, 155, and 

 1877, ITi.) The form petidiila has pendulous branches. 



Q,. lyrata (lyrate). Over-cup (Jak ; Water White Oak. Jr. sessilei 

 lin. loTig ; cup round-uvate, with rugged scales, ahuost covering 

 the roundish nut. /. 5in. to Sin. long, shortly stalked, crowded 

 at the ends of the branchlets, obovate-ohlong, acute at ttie base, 

 seven to nine-lobed, white-tomentose beneath, or at length 

 smoothish, shining above ; lobes triangular, acute, and entire, 

 /(. 50ft. North America, 1786. Deciduous. 



O. macrocarpa (large-fruited). Burr Oak ; Mossy-cup White 

 Oak. .//■., cup \ery variable, especially in size, deep, thick, and 

 woody, conspicuously imbricated with hard and tliirk, iminted 

 scales, the upper ones awned, so as to make ;i umssy-fringed 

 border; nut broadly ovoid, lin. to IMn. long, half iniuiersed in, 

 or entirely inclosed by. the cup. I. obovate or oldong. lyrately 

 pinnatitid or deeply sinuate-lobed, or nearly parted, irregular, 

 downy or pale beneath, 4in. to 15in. long, 2in. t« 4in. broad ; 

 lobes spaiinulv and olituselv tootlied. or the smaller ones entire. 

 A. 30ft. XoithAnu-rica. A liamlsonie. deciduous tree. (E. T. S. M. 

 149.) V- "/"*'».'"'■'"(.%■ is regarded. Ipv I*rofessor Asa Ciray. as a mere 

 form of this species, with oblong cups and nuts, and narrower 

 and more deeply lobed leaves. 



Q. montana (mountain). A synonym of Q. PrimuK. 



Q. ni^a (black).* Barren or Black Jack Oak. /r. sub-sessile, 

 soHt-try or twin ; cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly ; nut short, ovoid. 

 I. broadly cuneate, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate 

 at the base, widely dilated and somewliat trilobed (rarely five- 

 lobed) at the summit, occasionally with one or two lateral, con- 

 spicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, 

 shining above, 4in. to 9in. long. k. 8ft. to 25ft. North America, 

 1739. Deciduous. Sv.v. Q. J'errwjinea. 



Q. obtusiloba (nbtuse-lobed). A synonym of Q. sfeUafa. 



Q. olivaeformis (Olive-shape-fruited). A variety of Q. macrocarpa. 



Q. palustria (marsh-loving). Pin Oak. rh, catkins pilose; cup 

 flat saucer-shaped, five to seven lines broad, sometimes contracted 

 inti> a short scaly base or stalk, five-scaled, very much shorter 

 than the ovoid or globose acorn, which is five to seven lines long. 

 /. deeply pinnatitid, with divergent lobes and broad rounded 

 sinuses, k. 60ft. North America"^ 1800. Deciduous. (K. T. S. M. 

 167.) 



Q. pannonica (Hungarian). A synonym of Q. coti/erta. 



Q,. pectlnata (conil>-like). A synonym of Q. peduncvlata fiUci folia. 



Q,. peduuculata (pednncled).* /r., cup imbricated; nut oblong ; 

 stalk eloiigati'il. I. oblong, smooth, dilated upwards ; sinuses 

 rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Branches spreading, tortuous, h. 50ft. 

 to over 100ft. Europe (Britain), &c. Deciduous. A sub-species 

 of V- liohur. (Sy. En. B. 1288.) The following are varieties : 



O, p. Concordia (Concordia).* (. bii-lit yellow, maintaining 

 their colmir thrnughout tlie sea>-oii. In places where this variety 

 succeeds well, it is one of tlie most ertVctiveof goldeu-foliaged 

 trees. (I. H. xiv. 537.) 



Q. p. fastig^ata (pyramidal). A handsome tree, with erect, 

 pyramidal liranches ; in general form it resembles the Lombardy 

 Poplar. (G. O. n. s., xix. 179.) Syns. Q. cupressoides, Q. pyra- 

 mitfali'i (of gardens). 



Q. p. filicifolia (Fern-leaved). /. with narrow lobes almost cut 

 down to the niidriti. Syn. Q. pectinatn (G. C. n. s., xiv. 632). 



Q. p, heterophylla (variable-leaved).* /. variable in outline, 

 irregulail> simuite or lobed. 



Q. p. Hodginsii (Hodgins'). I. much smaller tlian in the type. 



Habit pyramidal. 

 Q. p, pendula (pendulous). Weeping Oak. A variety with 



pendulous branches. 



O, p. purpurascens (i)urplish). l., young ones almost entirely 

 jmrple, very strikiny. Voung shoots and footstalks tinged with 

 purj.le. 



Q. p. variegata (variegated). I. variegated with purple and 



white. 

 a. Phellos (Phellos).* Willow Oak. /., catkins slender, half as 



long as the leaves, fr. solitary, sessile or very shortly peduncu- 



Vol. IIL 



Quercus — continued. 



late; cup saucer-shaped, with ovate, adpressed, obtuse, silky 

 scales ; nut usually one-half longer than the cup. I. acute or 

 obtuse at base, linear-oblong, bristly-acuminate or cuspidate, 

 entire or undulated, light green, 3in. to 4in. long. h. 50ft. North 

 America, 1723. Deciduous. 

 Q. P. cinerea (ashy-grey). A synonym of Q. cincrea. 



Q,, Prinus (Prinus). Chestnut Oak. .^V. on peduncles shorter 

 than the petioles ; cup thick, iin. to lin. wide, mostly tubercu- 

 late, with hard and stout scales, hoary, about half the length of 

 the edible nut, which is lin. or less long. t. variable, obovate or 

 oblong, with an obtuse or acute base, undulatel;,- crenate-toothed, 

 minutely downy beneath ; the main primary ribs ten to sixteen 

 pairs, straight, i>rominent beneath, fi. 2(}ft. to 90ft. North 

 America, 1730. Deciduous. 8YN. (j. montana. 



Q,, P. tomentosa (tomentose). A synonym of P. hicolor. 



Q. pseudosuber. Bastard Cork-tree ; False Cork Oak. /., male 

 catkins numerous, 2in. long; female flowers scattered, fr. few, 

 shortly pedunculate or sub-sessile ; cup Ain. to lin. long, hemi- 

 spherical orobovoid-turbinate ; scales gi-ey'ish pubescent, at length 

 spreading or reflexed ; nut often twice as long as the cup. I. ob- 

 tuse or acute at base, ovate or oblong, 2Mn. to 3iu. long, shortly 

 petiolate, toothed or crenate, mucro!ia'te, above sparsely, and 

 below thicklv, white-pubescent ; stipules narrow-linear, pubes- 

 cent. //. 50ft. South Europe, 1824. Evergreen. (K. E. E. 35.) 

 Syn. V- Titnuri. 



Q. pyramidalis (pyramidal). A garden synonym of Q. pediin- 



cu/ata fti.-iti'iinra. 



Q,. pyrenaica (Pyrenean). A synonym of Q. Toza. 



Q. reticulata (netted). .//■. on long peduncles; cup hemi- 

 spherical, pubescent, two to four lines long, with adpressed 

 scales ; nut semi-exserted. I. shortly petiolate or sub-sessile, sub- 

 cordate or cordate at base, obovate, rounded at the apex, 2in. to 

 4in. long, l^in. to 3in. broad, mucronate, crenate-denticulate, or 

 almost entire, glabrescent above, fulvous-tomentose and reticu- 

 lated beneath. Young branches yellow-tomentose. h. 10ft. 

 Mexico, 1840. Half-hardy evergreen. 



Q. Robur (Robur). Black Oak ; Common Oak. Under this name 

 Hooker, De Candolle, and other eminent authorities, include 

 Q. pedunculata and Q. sesnilijlora, the British representatives of 

 the genus, as sub-species ; but, for garden purposes, it is desirable 

 here to accord them specific rank. See also Oak. 



Q. rubra (red).* Champion or Red Oak. Jr., cup saucer-shaped 

 or flat, with a narrow, raised border (ijin. to lin. in diameter) of 

 rather fine, closely adpressed scales, sessile or on a very short 

 and abrupt, narrow stalk or neck, very much shorter than the 

 oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid nut, which is lin. or less in length. 

 I. acute or often obtuse at the base, elliptic or oblong, rather thin, 

 moderately (rarely very deeply) pinnatifid, turning dark red after 

 frost. Bark of trunk dark grey, rather smooth. North America, 

 1769. A large tree. The wood is reddish and coarse-grained. 

 (E. T. S. M. 169.) 



O. salicina (Willow-like). Willow Oak. jl, catkins shorter than 

 the leaves. //■. solitary, on a short i>eduncle ; cup sh.ntly henn- 

 s|)herical, Jin. broad, with five or six concentric zones; nut 

 ellipsoid, much exserted. I. shortly petiolate, slightly acute or 

 obtuse at base, acuminate, entire or remotely serrate-denticulate, 

 coriaceous, glabrous above, and beneath when old ; young ones 

 adpressedly pilose beneath. Young branchlets pubescent. 

 Japan, 1860. Evergreen shrub. Syn. Q. bamhus(vfolia. 



Q. scleropbylla (hard-leaved), of Lindley. fr. sessile, approxi- 

 mating ; cup sub.L;|i)liose, )in. broad, tomentose, with adpressed 

 scales; nut slightly ]irotruding, pubescent. I. petiolate, ovate or 

 elliptic, sub-acute at base, obtuse and narrtiwed at apex, deeply 

 serrate, 3in. to 6in. long, liin. to 3in. broad, glabrous above, 

 glaucous-pubescent beneath. Branches glabrtuis. North China, 

 1850. Evergreen shrub. (L. & P. F. U. i. 59.) 



Q. scleropbylla (harddeaved), of gardens. A synonym of 

 P. ijlanduUjfra. 



Q. serrata (serrated). Japanese Silkworm Oak. fi., catkins 

 loose, pendulous, lin. to 2in. long ; females in the axils, solitary 

 or twin. Jr., cup hemisplierical, seven to twelve lines broad, 

 with greyish-velvety scales, larger at the base ; nut ellipsoid, 

 scarcely exceeding the cup, I. obtuse or rarely acute at base, 

 oblong or lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, crenate-serrate, with 

 long, bristly teeth, 2in. to 8in. long, Mn. to 2in. broad, on petioles 

 iin. to lin. long ; young ones slightly silky ; adults glabrous. 

 Young branches silkv-pubescent. h. 6ft. Japan. Half-hai'dy 

 evergreen. (W. A F." Dec. 12, 1883.) 



Q,, sessiliflora (sessile-fltiwered).* fr. sessile, or on a usually 

 shortened peduncle ; nut ol)long. I. on more or less elongated 

 petioles, oblong, smooth ; siinises opposite, rather obtuse ; lobes 

 acute. A. 60ft. Britain. Deciduous. A sub-species of (^. Robur. 

 It may be distinguished from the closely-allied Q. pedunculata by 

 its less tufted appearance, the paler green of its foliage, its less 

 tortuous spray anti branrlies, the lighter-coloured bark, the 

 larger buds, and by the stalked leaves l)eiug frequently retained, 

 after ^vithering, until the foll'i\\iiii; spring. The wood of tj. ses-^ili- 

 Jlora is, moreover, darker, heavier, anil more elastic than that of 

 Q. pedunculata ; the acorns, too, are sessile, or very shortly 

 stalked. (Sy. En. B. 1289.) 



2 M 



