266 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Quercus — continued. 



Q. s. cocbleata (shell-shaped). The edges of the leaves in this 

 f.iriu ;uo culvert upwiirrts, and the upper surface is thus rendered 

 mull' or less shell-shaped, 



Q,. a. liOUettl (l.nuett's).* (. long, narrow, almost sessile, narrowed 

 to both ends, abriut 5in. long and less than lin. broad. 



Q. s. rubicunda (ruliicund). (. rather deep red, especially in 

 the earlier part of the summer. 



Q. Skinnerl (Skinner's), fl.. catkins pubescent, fr. very distinct, 

 largi', on a peduncle two' to six lines Ions; cup ilat-patelliform, 

 I'lin. to liin. broad, with adpressed, ovate-deltoid, sub-velv(!ty 

 scales; nut l*in. long, and as much broad at base, globose- 

 ovoid. I. long-stalked, ovate or sub-lanceolate-oblong, acute or 

 obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, bristly-toothed on the mar- 

 gins and at apex ; yovfng ones slightly puberulous ; adults 

 glabrous. Young branches glabrous. Mexico. Shrub. ((!. O. 

 18-41, p. 116.) 



O. stellata (starry). Post Oak. jr., cup deep saucer-shaped, 

 uakeil, one-third or one-half the length of the nut, which is ovoid 

 in shape, jin. to ^in. long. I. greyish or yellowish-downy beneath, 

 pale and rough above, thickish, sinuately cut into Uve to seven 

 roumled, divergent lobes, the upper ones much larger and often 

 one to three-notched. Noith America, 1819. A deciduous tree, 

 rarely exceeding 50ft. in height. (E. T. S. M. 151.) Syn. (J. oMusi- 

 loba. 



Fig. 314. FiuiiT ano Lewes or Quercus Suher. 



Q. Suber (proliably derived from siijihitr, l>ark).* Cork O.ak ; 

 Cork-tree. 1'i\ often sniitary, Jjedunrulati'or sessile ; cup obovate- 

 hemispherical, ohconieal or rarely obtuse at base, i^in. to |in. long, 

 and niore broad, with velvety, erect and adpressed scales; nut 

 often exceeding the cup by one-half. I. usually lin. to 2in. long, 

 Ain. to l^in. broad, on petioles two to six lines long, ovate, oval, 

 or oblong, acute, toothed or rarely entire, glabrous above, 

 beneath, as well as on the branchlets, stellate-velvety-hoary. 

 Bark suberose. /(. 25ft. South Europe, 1581. This evergreen 

 tree furnishes the cork of commerce. See Fig. 314. (K. E. E. 

 33 ; \V. D. B. 80.) 



Q. thalassica (sea-green), fi., catkins elongated, dense, pilose. 

 Jr. many, apinnxiuiating, sessile in spikes, on peduncles 2in. to 

 3in. linig; cup live lines broad, sh(n-tly hemispherical, tomento.se, 

 with adpressed, nnicronate scales ; nut obovoid, eight lines in 

 length, long-exserted. I. acute or acuminate at base, elliptic or 

 obovate-oblong, slightly obtuse, acuminated, 3in. to 5in. long, 

 ^m. to Ijin. broad, entire or slightly serrated near the apex, 

 very glabrous above, glaucous-tomentose })eneath. Branches 

 tomentose. China, 1850. Evergreen shrub. Syn. Q. iniierm 

 (I.. & P. F. (i. i. 36). 



O. tinctoria (dyers'). Quei-citron ; Black, Dyers', 

 barked Oak. Ir.. cup nat beneath; nut globose. /. 

 beneath. obii\ate-oblong, dilated, widely sinuated, iarg* 

 brownish, oraniAO, or dull red, in the autumn, resenitiling those o( 

 Q. cncvuira. l)ut having fewer lobes ; lobes short, obtuse, slightly 



Yellow- 

 downy 

 , turning 



Quercus — contin-iiecl. 



toothed, bristle-pointed. Bark dark-coloured and nuigh. Ii. 80ft. 

 to 100ft. I'nited States, 1800. (B. M. PI. 251.) 

 Q. Toza (1'oza).* Jr. sessile or shortly pedunculate; cup henii 

 spherical, four to six lines long, with loose, adpressed scales, 

 pubescent outsirle ; nut two to four times longer than the 

 cup, ovate-ellipsoid. (. ovate or oldong. 2in. to 4in. long, Ain. 

 to Igin. broad, variously pinnatifid, stellato-pilose above, very 

 densely stellato-rnfons-tomentose beneath ; lobes ovate or oblong, 

 obtuse. South Europe, &c. Deciduou-. (K. K. E. 22.) Syx. 

 Q. pijmiaica. 

 Q. Turneri (I'urner's). A synonym of Q. psewlosuhrr. 

 Q. Ungerl (I'nger's). A synonym of Q. ^■Efiihips. 

 Q,. vlrens (green). Live Oak. fr. one to three on usually con- 

 spicuous jjeiluncles ; cup turbinate, five to eight lines long, 

 greyish, with adpressed, slightly velvety scales ; nut oblong, ex- 

 ceeding the cup by one-half or more. I. lin. to 3in. lou'^, ^in. to 

 Ijin. Ijroad, oblong-elliptical, hoary beneath as well as on the 

 branches, entire or irregularly lobed-dentate. It. 40ft. or more. 

 North .\uierira, 1737. Evergreen. 



QUEBNAIiES. A name given to plants which 

 agree in general characters with Quercus. 



QTTESITIililA (named in honour of M. Quesnel, a 

 French Consul at Cayenne, who was the means of intro- 

 ducing the genus to Europe). Stn. Lievena. Ord. 

 Bromelincece. A small genus (three or four species) of 

 stove, herbaceous, Brazilian plants, allied to BUlbergia. 

 Sepals free above the ovary, ovate, imbricated; petals 

 free, narrow, the apex dilated into a spreading lamina ; 

 stamens three, alternating with the petals ; inflorescence 

 cone-like, simple, ovoid or oblong, thick ; peduncle ter- 

 minal, tall, clothed with spathe-like scales. Leaves 

 clustered, long, spinuloso-serrated. For culture, see BiU- 

 'bergfia. 



Q. roseo-marginata (rose-margined). This is the correct 

 name of the plant described in this work as BtUberijia ro&ea- 

 maraitialu. 

 O, rufa (red). This is the proper name of the plant described in 



this work as EtUberfna tjucstirliana. 

 Q,. Van Houttel (Van Iloutte's). ./f. white, cobalt-blue at the 

 tips, crowded in many series, each subtended by a bract ; bracts 

 rose-coloured above, anil clothed below with white down ; 

 inflorescence a large, cylindrical spike, borne on a scape lAft. 

 to 2ft. high. /. numerous, armed with strong spines, s<une- 

 times banded with white beneath. (B. H. 1881, 18.) 



Q1JICKTHOBN. A common name for Cmtcegus 

 0.r]ifiriinl !i'i. 



QVIIiLAI-TKISE. Sr ■ Quillaja saponaria. 



QUIIiIiAJA (from the Chilian name. Qiiilhri or 

 Cidlay). Syn. Smegiitiulermos. Okd. Rosarew. A small 

 genus (three or four species) of very glabrous, green- 

 house, evergreen trees, some remarkable in possessing a 

 soap-like bark ; they are natives of South Brazil, Chili, 

 and Peru. Flowers rather large, tomentose ; lateral ones 

 male, central ones purplish ; calyx coriaceous, persistent, 

 five-lobed, valvate ; petals five, small, sessile, spathulate ; 

 pedicels bibracteolate ; jjcduncles axillary and terminal, 

 three to five-flowered. Leaves scattered, petiohite, 

 simple, thickly coriaceous, almost entire, veined. The 

 bark of the under-mentioned species contains a con- 

 siderable amount of carbonate of lime and other 

 mineral substances, also saponiue, a vegetable-soap 

 principle, on which account it is used for washing and 

 cleaning clothes, &a. For culture, see Kag'eneckia. 



Q. saponaria (Soapwort). (^uillai, or Soap Bark-tree. _fl. white, 

 usiKilly terunnal, either solitary or from three to Uve on a stalk. 

 Apiil. t. oval, mostly toothed, smooth, shining, short-stalked. 

 Ii. 50ft to 60ft. Chili, 1832. (E. H. 1873, 254.) 



QUINARY, QUINATE. Disposed in fives. 



QITIXCXI [Cijdoiiia vulgaris). The Quince is a native 

 of Northern Persia, but naturalised throughout the Medi- 

 terranean region, Ac, whence it was long since introduced 

 to this country. It forms a spreading, deciduous tree, 

 the branches of which are usually much contorted. The 

 fruits emit a powerful and rather peculiar perfume when 

 ripe, and are exceedingly acid and astringent in a raw 

 state. They are chiefly used for making a kind of mar- 

 malade, and other preserves, and for adding, in small 



