An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



281 



BED MAGGOT. The name popularly given to small 



orange or lemon-coloured grubs, which are often to be 

 found in the flowering-heads of grasses, between the 

 glumes. They seem to feed on the juices or sap of the 

 female part, or ovary, of each flower, and thereby pre- 

 vent the formation of seeds. On cereals, e.g., Wheat, they 

 are often very abundant, and do very great harm to 

 the produce of the crops. The grubs are wrinkled into 

 folds crosswise. They are not provided with feet, but can 

 wriggle along freely ; they do not exceed -/.jin. in length. 

 When fnU-fed, they become orange pupie, either in the 

 ear, or on falling to the ground, into which the larvK 

 burrow before the change. From these pup:i?, small, two- 

 winged flies — the Wheat-midges {CVc)'(/o»i;/iV( Trifiri and 

 Lnsioptenf ohfusrafa) — emerge in June and .Inly. The 

 former species is orange or dull yellow, with black eyes, 

 and has the longest vein in each wing unbr.anched. The 

 latter insect has the body blackisli, and the longest vein 

 in the wing is forked. The females lay eggs in the young 

 spikelets of the cereals, by means of a long, flexible tube 

 or ovipositor. 



Remedies are required in farming only, as these Midges 

 are hardly ever troublesome in gardens. It has been 

 found very useful to plough so as to bury the surface 

 sods Gin. or 7in. deep : and it is well to sow cereals so 

 as not to ear when the Midges are on the wing. Burning 

 stubble, chaff, &c., has been found of considerable ser- 

 vice against them. 



BED MOBOCCO. A common name for Adonis 

 ttui inti ntdi.-^. 



BED OSIEB DOGWOOD. See Cornus stoloni- 



fera. 



BEDOTTTEA. A synonym of Fugosia (which see). 



BED BOOT. See Iiachnanthes. The name is 

 also applied to Ceanofhus americanu.-^. 



BED BOT. A common name for Drosera rotundifolia. 



BED BOT. A name employed to denote a decayed 

 state of the stem in various Conifers, seldom in other 

 trees, in which the wood becomes decayed and I'ed, and 

 this condition spreads gradually from place to place. 

 The disease is of common occurrence over a great part 

 of Europe. A careful microscopic examination of the 

 diseased wood proves that the cells are full of an 

 abundant mycelium of a Fungus ; and Prof. Hartig has 

 shown that the discoloration may be due to more than 

 one Fungus, of which the more important is a species 

 of Trametes (which see). Polyjionts sulphureus {see 

 Polyporus) has been observed to cause a similar con- 

 dition in Dicotyledonous trees, p. 7., Pear-trees, .%c. 



Treafment. The whole tree, unless valuable, should 

 be out into firewood and destroyed. If the tree is so 

 valuable as to render its preservation desirable, the 

 diseased portions shoiild be removed and burned, and 

 the conidia ought on no account to be permitted to 

 spread, to the injury of adjacent trees. It is not pos- 

 sible, in the present state of our knowledge, to destroy 

 the mycelium without injuring the wood-colls in whicli 

 it lies. 



BED SFIDEB (Tefi-aniirhiis telnrivs). A small, 

 eight-legged mite, which receives its popular name from 

 its colour (which is almost always between rusty-red and 

 brick-red) and its power, like a spider, of spinning ,a 

 fine web on the lower surface of the leaves of trees. It 

 is not a true spider. Gardeners are but too well ac- 

 quainted with its depredations on fruit-trees and hot- 

 house plants, the leaves of which it frequently injures 

 very much. For a full account of Red Spider, and of 

 remedies against it, see Tetranychus telarius. 



BEDTJFLICATE. Folding and projecting out- 

 wards. 



BED-WATEB-TBEE. See Erythrophlceum. 



vui. in. 



BED WEED. See Fapaver Bhoeas. 



BED-WOOD-TBEE. A common name for various 

 species of Ceaimfh us. Pterocarpus, &c. 



BEED. See Arundo. 



BEED, IXDIAN. A common name for Canna 

 indica. 



BEED MACE. See Typha latifolia. 



BEEIa AND IiINE. Garden Lines are indispensable 

 for nuirking oft" spaces when cropping, and for indicating 

 the positions of plants, trees, edgings, <.Vc. A long Line 

 should be wound on an iron Reel, as this permits it to 

 dry more readily, after being used in the wet, than it 

 would if i-oUed up closely on an ordinary stick, A Line 

 Reel is lasually made to revolve on .a long iron pin by 

 turning a small handle or projection on the upper cross- 

 bar. Various sizes are made, to suit different lengths, 

 of Lines. 



BEEVESIA (named in compliment to John Reeves, 

 F.L.S.. of Canton, a zealous botanist, and the introducer 

 of one of the species). Ord. Steniilinrew. A genus con- 

 sisting of two (?) species of greenhouse trees, natives of 

 tropical and sub-tropical Eastern Asia. Flowers white, 

 in terminal, corymbose panicles ; calyx clavate-campanu- 

 late, irregularly three to five-fid: petals clawed. Leaves 

 entire, coriaceous. R. thijrsoidea, the only species intro- 

 duced, is a very handsome tree, requiring treatment 

 similar to that recommended for the greenhouse species 

 of Stercnlia (which .vee). 



R. thyrsoidea (thyrse-flowered). ,//., petals white or cream- 

 colom-ed. tive-clawetl ; peduncles junl [itilir.'lsclnthcil with .^tt-llate 

 pubescence. .July. /. alternate, lir(i:ully laiici-olutf, ;ii-iniiin:itf, 

 petiolate, entire, penninerved ; petioles sleiuler, dilated upwards. 



A. (under cultivation) 3tt. to 4ft. China, 1826. (B. M. 1199; 



B. R. 1236.) 



BEFIiEXED. Abruptly turned or bent backwards 

 or downwards. 



BEFBACTED. Similar to Reflexed, but abruptly 

 bent from tlie base. 



BEGELIA (named after Dr. E. Regel. Superintendent 

 of the Imperial Botanic Gardens at St. Petersburgh). 

 Ord. Mijrtarew. A genus comprising only three species 

 of rigid, greenhouse shrubs, with tlie habit of Beaufortia, 

 natives of Western Australia. Flowers closely sessUe and 

 solitary within each bract, in dense heads, at first ter- 

 minal, but the central axis soon growing out into a 

 leafy branch : calyx tube ovoid or nearly globular ; lobes 

 five, usually deciduous ; petals five, spreading : stamens 

 indefinite, united in five bundles opposite the petals. 

 Leaves small, opposite, mostly three or more nerved. 

 R. cilinta is the only species yet introduced. For 

 culture, see Beanfortia. 

 R. dliata (fringed).* jl. red, in small, dense, globiUar heads; 



calyx tube woolly-tonientose or hairy. I. erect, spreading or 



recurved, broadly ovate, obovate, or almost orbicular, obtuse, 



flat or concave, rigid, prominently three or rarely flve-nerved, Jin. 



to iin. long. h. 3ft. to 5ft. 1874. A .spreading, more or less 



pubescent or hairy slu-ub. (J5. M. 6100.) 



BEGEIiIA (of Lemaire). A synonym of Karatas 

 (which see). 

 BEGELIA. A garden synonym of VerschafFeltia 



(which see). 



BEGTTIiAB. Uniform and symmetrical in shape of 

 structure. 



BEHMANNIA (named in honour of Joseph Eeh- 

 mann, a physician of St. Petersburgh. 1770-1831). Ord. 

 Scrophulnriiiew. A genus comprising only a couple of 

 species of hardy, perennial herbs, natives of China and 

 Japan. Flowers rather large, in the axils of the bracts 

 or floral leaves, declinate or pendulous, disposed in ter- 

 minal racemes : calyx ovoid-campanulate, five-fid at 

 apex : corolla dark purplish or pale, intensely coloured 

 at the throat ; limb oblique, sub-bilabiate, with spread- 

 ing lips. Leaves alternate, obovate or oblong, deeply 



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