290 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Khipsalis — confiiiued. 



gravel or brick rubbish, after having been dried at the 



base for a few days. 



R. brachiata (forked). A synonym of R. SaglionU. 



R. Cassytha (Cassytha).* fi, abundant on the sides of tlie 

 branchlfts, often crowded ; calyx teeth five or six ; petal-s five 

 or six, {O'eenish-white ; stamens twelve tu fourteen. September. 

 ./>., berry waxy-white, like that of the Mistletoe. Stems slender, 

 terete, firm, branched, in den.se whorls, the branches again 

 branched ; joints rare, except at the branching, h. 1ft. Tropics, 

 Ac, 1758. (B. M. 3080.) 



R. commiuiis (common), fi. rose, white ; crena; furnished with 

 an ovate acute scale and numerou.s white hairs. Summer to 

 December. Plant articulated, erect, sub-radicant, pale green, 

 triangular ; ribs much lunipressed, repandly crenated. Brazil, 

 1836. (B. M. 3763, under n:ime of Lepisinium commune.) 



R. crispata (curled), ji. white, minute, scarcely odorous ; petals 

 six, (ivute, reflexed ; stamens numerous. December. ./V., berry 

 white, gloliose. I^lant sub-erect, articulated ; branches orbiculur 

 or oblong, sub-petiolate, yellowi.sh-green, almost membranous, 

 deeply crenate, the margins slightly curled, h. 1ft. Native 

 place unknown. 



R. fascioulata (cluster-branched), d. similar to those of Ji. Cas- 

 siitlia, but smaller; petals five, dirty-yellow. Jr., berry white, 

 crowned with the remains of the corolla. Plant creeping, 

 branched ; branches fasiitled, green, terete, very sparsely setose : 

 young ones spirallv suli-angular ; areolae slightly clustered. 

 Brazil. (B. M. 3079.) 



R. fUnalis (cord-like). _fl. white, very copious, ten lines in dia- 

 meter, inodorous ; petals seven or eight ; stamens very numerous; 

 February to April. Trunk 2ft. to 3ft. hiuh. at length woody ; 

 branches long, terete, obtuse ; areohv .scattered, ahnost naked. 

 Central America. See Fig. 365. SVN. Ji. tjminlijlom (B. M. 2740). 



R, grandiflora (large-flowered). A synonym of Ji. /nnalis. 



R. Houlletii(IIoulIet's).* Ji. straw-colour, copiously produced in 

 the axils of the marginal teeth. Brandies peiidulnus : the arti- 

 culations 3in. to 6in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, cuavstdy toothed, 

 and of a glabrous-oreen, with a faint tiiii^e of biciwnisji-purple 

 along the mar^ins.'^ Brazil, 1874. (li. M. 6089.) 



R. mesembryanthemoides (Mesemiiryauthemum-like). /. 

 white, ijin. across at the lateral Joints; petals five, nmch-spread- 

 ing. Spring. ./>., berry white. Plant glomerately branched ; 

 branches 8in. to lOin. long, sub-erect, terete, bearing rooting 

 joints ; lateral joints clustered, terete, attenuated at both ends ; 

 fascicles of spines pale white, dying off blackish. Tropical 

 America, 1817. (B. M. 3078.) 



R. pachyptera (thick-winged). Jl. numerous upon the joints, 

 solitary in each crenature ; calyx leaflets three, bro^viiish ; petals 

 tive, pale yellow ish-gieen. November. Plant 1ft. to 2ft. high, 

 proliferously jointed and branched ; joints 4in. to 6in. long, 

 oblong, remarkably compressed, lin. to 3in. broad, the margins 

 slightly thickened, crenate-lobed, glabrous ; lateral thickened 

 nerves leading off from the distinct midrib, curving upwards to 

 the crenatures. Brazil. (B. M. 2820, under name of Cactus 

 alahis.) 



R. paradoxa (paradoxical). //. yelIo\v, white; crena* remote, 

 furnished with white h;iiis, and prop|>ed by leafy bracts. August 

 to November. IMant dirtnsdy sub-erect, sub-articulated ; joints 

 elongated, slender, tliree or four-sided ; margins acute, crenu- 

 lated, purple. Brazil, 1837. (B. M. 3755, under name of Lepiji- 

 miiim Mi/osurus.) 



R. pendnliflora (pendulous-flowered). This is closely allied to 

 Ji. Saiflionis- ; it differs in its pen<lulous habit, fastigiate and 

 tpiite terete liranches, and pendulous flowers Avith more obtuse 

 petals. Tropical America, 1877. 



R. pentaptera (five-winged). jL white, ^in. across, very copious 

 in the crenatures of the branches and on the upper part of the 

 trunk; petals six or seven, biseriate. February and March. 

 Plant sub-erect, 1 Aft. high, lon,i;-jointed, full lireeii ; main stem 

 five or six-angled, with slender, slightly twisted, five-angled 

 branches ; areob-e remote. Brazil. 



R. rhombea (diamond-branched). Jt. greenish-white, solitary, 

 small. Sten^ terete or variously compressed, and, as well as the 

 branches, sub-erect, articulated, diffuse ; joints lin. to 3in. long, 

 with filiform wings, ovate- or lanceolate-rhomboid, highly 

 glabrous, and shining, incised-crenate at the margins. Brazil. 

 (Ref. B. 152.) 



R. SaglioniS (Saglio's). Jl. greenish-yellow, rather large, ter- 

 minal upon divaricate articulations, on the lower part of the 

 stem. /(. 8in. to lOiii. Plant erect or nearly so; main stem 

 cyliiuhical. bearing the few scattered flnweiing branches below, 

 and aliovc many horizontal l)ranclies. which are a^ain divided, 

 always tipposite, brachiate, and with nn're numerou.s and shorter 

 loints as thev come nearer the ultimate divisions. Buenos Ayres. 

 SYN. A', hrnchiata (B. M. 4039). 



R. sallcornoides(Lilasswort-like).* Jl. yellow, terminal, solitary 

 or in pairs; corolla s\iperior; petals numerous, thin, concave, 

 never opening wide. Spring. Plant trailing (young specimens 

 erect), proliferous ; branches very numerous, .spreading, jointed ; 

 joints club-shaped, rounded, tubercled, smooth, scarred, glaucous ; 

 older stems grey. Brazil. (B. M. 2461 ; G. C. n. s., v. 731.) 



BiHipsalis — continued. 



R. sarmentacea (twiggy-stemmed). Jl. white. Stem slender, 

 creeping, rooting, slightly branched, obtuse-angled; areola* 

 clustered, minute, prickly, slightly tomentose ; prickles eight to 

 twelve, very slender, bristly, unequal, snow-white. Bonaria, 

 1858. (B. M. 5136.) 



R. Swartziana (Swartz's). Jl. whitish, minute. June. Jr., l>erry 

 nearly black. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. high, simply branchetl, winged 

 above ; summit resembling the branches. Branches 6in. to 12in. 

 long, alternate, flat, oblong or oblong-linear, remotely crenate, 

 tapering at the stipitute, jointed base. Jamaica, 1810. 



Flowering from the root, or 



RHIZANTHOUS. 



apparently so. 



RHIZOBIIN2:. A group of Aphide.'^, which derive 

 their name (meaning "root-livers") from living under- 

 ground upon roots of various plants. In this group 

 all the species exhibit this habit : but so also do various 

 genera outside the RhizobiiiiCB., strictly so-called, e.g., 

 most species of Paracletus, Schizoneura, and Trama, 

 and a few species of the genera Ap]ii.^, PlnjUo.rera, 

 Pemphigus, and Siphonophora. In all the above genera 

 there are species more or less hurtful to garden plants, 

 by feeding on their roots, and thereby weakening them ; 

 and several of the species have been referred to the 

 genus Rhizohius because of their mode of life — e.g., 

 Trama radicett, described by Westwood. under the name 

 Rhizobitis Helianthemi. A very large part of the root- 

 feeding Aphides select roots of grasses ; but they also 

 feed largely on Lettuces (Pemphigu.^), Jerusalem Arti- 

 chokes. French Beans, and Scarlet Runners (Ttjcfiea 

 Phafieoli, Ac). A curious circumstance connected with 

 these insects is the relation that exists between them 

 and certain species of ants, in whose nests they usually 

 remain ; in the nests they are carefully attended to 

 by the ants. In the genus RJiizobius no winged forms 

 are known, nor do honey-tubes exist. Owing to their 

 mode of life, it is difficult to free plants when once 

 attacked by these subterranean Aphides. Probably, the 

 best means is to water them with a solution of gas- 

 water or gas-lime, or of carbolic acid ; or to make use 

 of carbon disulphide, poured into holes in the soil near 

 the roots. 



RHIZOBOLESI. Included under Tenistromiaceoe. 



RHIZOBOLUS. A synonym of Conjocar. 



BHIZOCARFOT7S. Literally, root-fruited ; having 

 a perennial ruot, I>ut a stem which perishes annually. 



BHIZOGLOSSUM. Included under Ophiogloasum. 



BHIZOID. Resembling a root. 



RKIZOMB. *'A rootstock ; a stem of root-like ap- 

 pearance, prostrate on or under ground, from which 

 rootlets are sent off ; the apex progressively sending up 

 herbaceous stems or flowering stalks, and often leaves " 

 (Asa Clray). 



RHIZOMOKFHOUS. Having the appearance of a 

 root. 



RHIZOPHORA (from rhiza^ a root, and phoreoy to 

 bear ; the branches emit roots freely, and these descend 

 into the mud in which the tree grows). Mangrove. Ord. 

 Rhizupliurea:'. A genus comprising two (or four or five) 

 species of stove trees, inhabiting tropical shores and 

 mud swamps. Flowers rather large, sessile or pedi- 

 cellate, on axillary, bi- or trichotomously branched 

 peduncles. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thickly coriaceous, 

 ovate or elliptic, entire, glabrous. " In the economy of 

 Nature, the Mangrove performs a most imi^ortant part, 

 wresting annually fresh portions of the land from the 

 dominion of the ocean, and adding them to the domain 

 of man. This is effected in a twofold manner : by the 

 progressive advance of their roots, and by the aerial 

 germination of their seeds, which do not quit their lofty 

 cradle till they have assumed the form of actual trees, 

 and drop into the water with their roots ready prepared 



