An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



319 



Rosa — continued. 



since their wings are too small to be of use. Hence, 

 they can be prevented from reaching the buds to lay 

 their eggs in them, if the stems and supports of the 

 plants have a belt of any sticky substance (e.r/., tar, 

 alone or mixed with grease) smeared on them, and occa- 

 sionally renewed between November and January, since 

 it is at this season that the moths emerge from the 

 pupt-e in the soil. 



Among the smaller Moths, a good many species of 

 Tortricina (which see) feed in leaves of Roses, either 

 joining the leaflets by means of silk threads, or rolling 

 them up in tubes, in which the larvae live. They may 

 either become pup;e in these shelters, or may lower 

 themselves, when full-fed, to the soil, in which they 

 become pupse. The larvte have the habit of lowering 

 themselves by silk threads when the branches are jarred, 

 and advantage may be taken of this habit by placing 

 something below to catch them. Among the commoner 

 and more harmful are LozottJEtiia rosa/ia, Panlii tri- 

 punctana, Croesia Bergjnanniana, and Peronea varie- 

 gana ; but a good many others might be named which 

 feed on Roses, as well as on other plants. The larvie 

 of all have much the same habits, and it would occupy 

 too much space to proceed here to distinguish them 

 from one another. In the large group of moths known 

 as Tineina {nee Motlis), there are a good many that 

 live on Roses. Some of these live in the same manner 

 as the Tortricina ; but the larva; of others, belonging to 

 the genera Nepticula, Tisclierin, &c., mine between the 

 surfaces of the leaflets, and disfigure them with pale, 

 wavy lines or blotches. These mines do comparatively 

 little injury to the plants. When desirable, the larviu 

 may be killed in them by pressure between the finger 

 and thumb, and the numbers may thus be kept down. 



The Sawflies (JVntliredinidw) are frequently far more 

 hurtful than the Moths to Rose-bushes, and the number 

 of kinds which, as larvre, feed on the leaves of Roses, 

 either entirely or partially, is pretty large. For an 

 account of these insects, and of the remedies to be em- 

 ployed, see Rose Sawflies. 



Several gall-flies make galls upon the young twigs and 

 on the leaves : for an account of these, fiee Rose Galls. 

 Typldocyba Rosce, a small insect nearly related to the 

 Frog-hopper [Aphrophora spinnaria), is often plentiful 

 in all stages on, and is hurtful to, Roses, as well as to 

 Apple-trees. Frequently, large numbers of these insects 

 are to be found on the lower surfaces of the leaves. 

 They are about ^in. long, pale yellow or whitish, with 

 brown feet ; the front wings transparent, rarely yellow 

 along the edges ; hind wings milky white. The best 

 remedy is said to be the removal and burning of all 

 superfluous branches in early spring. 



The flowers are often gnawed and damaged by Beetles ; 

 of these, the worst are the Rosecliafer (which see), 

 and the Bracken Clock {Phyllopertha horticola, see_ Fig. 



Fig. 385. Bracken Clock (PiivLL0PERTn.\ horticola)— o Foot 

 much magnified. 



385), both of which are addicted to eating out the 

 stamens and pistils of Roses, Strawberries, fruit-trees, 

 &c. P. horticola is peculiarly abundant in the North. 

 It is about iin. to Jin. long, green or blue, and pubescent, 

 with rusty-red or bluish-black wing-cases, and a pitted 



Rosa — continued, 

 thorax. Where troublesome, the insects may be shaken 

 off tlie bushes on dull days, and readilj' captured ; on 

 fine days, they are too active to permit of this remedy. 



R. abyssinica (Aby^siniau). Jl. white; caly.K and peduncles 

 lliii'kly (liiwny. June. /., leaflets shortly stalked, broader 

 tiiwarils tlu' puint than at the base; petiole.s very rough with 

 uiiftiual iilaiKK ainl bristles. Prickles very numerous and strong-. 

 Otlierwisc rfsrmblinK A', ^fcmijcrrircns. Al)yssinia. (L. R. 13.) 



R. acicularis (needle-prickled).* JL pale blush, solitary, fragrant ; 

 calyx tube naked ; sepals somewhat divided, hairy, longer than 

 the tulie ; petals obovate, eniarginate, spreading, shorter than 

 the sepals; bracts ovate, convex. June. fr. yellowish-orange, 

 oliovate. L dense, opaque, very glaucous ; leaflets about seven, 

 oval, convex, slightly rugose, simply serrated ; stipules narrow; 

 petioles naked or a little hairy. Branches erect, clothed with 

 slender, straight prickles antl a few bristles, h. 8ft. North tern- 

 perate zone, 1805. (L. R. 8.) 



R. alba (white).* /. white or delicate blush, gratefully fragrant ; 

 sepals pinnate, reflexed. June and July. Jr. scarlet or blood- 

 coloured, oblong, unarmed. L, leaflets oblong, glaucous, nearly 

 naked above, simply serrated. Prickles nearly straight or falcate, 

 slender or strong ; bristles none. A. 4ft. to 7ft. Of garden 

 origin, 1597. Of this plant, which Mr. Baker regards as pro- 

 bably a cross between It. canina and A', tjallica, there are 

 many varieties. 



R. alpina (alpine).* Jt. pink or rose-red, solitary; sepals undi- 

 vided, spreading ; petals obcordate, concave ; peduncles after 

 flowering deflexed, and, as well as the calyx, hispid or smooth. 

 June. }>. orange-red, ovate or rarely sub-globose, pendidous, 

 more or less elongated. I., leaflets five to eleven, ovate or 

 obovate, argutely or doubly serrateil. Young stems prickly ; old 

 ones usually nakeil. h. 3ft, Europe, 1683. Of this species there 

 are several varieties. A', pemiulina is a form with a smooth 

 calyx and elongated, hispid peduncles. A. jii/rcnaica is a form 

 with calyx and peduncles hispid. (li. M. 6724.) 



R. anserineefolia (Anserina-leavetl). Ji. white, in few or many- 

 flowered corymbs, shortly pedicellate ; sepals caudate-acuminate, 

 deciduous. Summer, /r. smooth, iin. in diameter. I. lin. to 

 3in. long ; leaflets broadly elliptic, obtuse, simply serrated, iin. 

 to sin. long ; petioles slender. Branches with few or many un- 

 equal, stout, compressed, hooked prickles, k. 10ft. Orient. 

 Plant sub-scandent. 



R. arvensls (tield-loving). A synonym of R. repens. 



R. Banksise (Lady Banks').* /. white and very double, nodding, 

 numerous, small, weakly but pleasantly scented ; calyx tube 

 hemispherical ; sepals entire, pointed ; peduncles naked, very 

 slender. June. ?., leaflets one to five, flat, oblong-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, often waved, simply serrated, very hairy at base of middle 

 nerve ; petioles naked, rarely hairy. Branches unarmed, weak, 

 climbing, h. 20ft, China, 1809. (B. iM. 1924 ; B. R. 397.) 



R. B. lutea (yellow). A yellow-flowered variety. (B. R. 1105.) 



R. berberifolia(Berberis-leaved). A synonym of A. simplici/nlia. 



R. blanda (charming).* /.rose-coloured, one to three; calyx tube 

 and peduncles smooth and glaucous. May ami June. //■. gloliose. 

 l.y leaflets five to seven, oval or oblong, obtus.', pale on liotli sides 

 anil minutely downy or hoary beneath, serrated; stipules large. 

 h. 1ft. to 3ft. North America. Plant nearly unarmed, or with 

 scattered, straight, deciduous prickles. SVNS. Ji. fraxini/olia 

 (B. R. 458), A. Woodsfi (B. R. 976). 



R. bracteata (large-bracted).* Macartney Rose. JI. white, large, 

 solitary, terminal ; calyx, as well as the short peduncles, densely 

 tomentose ; bracts large, surrounding the base of the calyx. 

 July, l, leaflets five to nine, obovate, slightly serrated, shining, 

 glabrous ; stipules nearly free, bristly. Branches erect, tomen- 

 tose, armed with strong, recurved, often twin, prickles, k. 2ft. 

 China, 1795. 



R. b. scabriuscula (slightly scabrous). Branches bristly ; 

 prickles smaller than in the type, nearly straight. (B. M. 1377, 

 under name of A. bracteata.) 



R. Brunonli (Brown's). A synonym of A. moschata. 



Fig. 386. Rosa c.\nina. 



R. canina (canine).* Dog Rose. Ji. usually pink, sometimes 

 solitary, or with many in a cluster ; sepals usually naked, re- 



