326 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



BoscHeria — continued,. 



branching aparlix in the axil of a leaf, with a long, compressed, 

 glabrous peduncle, fr. hliick, elliptical, about Mn. long. I. pale 

 green, 3ft. to 5ft. long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, entire when young, 

 becoming unequally pinnate ; pinnie 1ft. to lift, long, bifid at the 

 apex, scaly below ; jietioles lAft. to 2ift. long, smooth, sub- 

 triquetrous, grooveil down the" face with a pale band; sheaths 

 lift, to 2ift. long, with a few tine black spines rising from a com- 

 pressed cushion. .Stem 2in. to 3in. in diameter, with a ring of 

 spines below each leaf-scar when young, h. 15ft. to 26ft. Sey- 

 chelles, 1871. .Sv.N. Verschaffeltia mdaiioehxtes (l. U. 1871, 54). 



BOSCOEA (named after William Eoscoe, 1753-1831, 

 the famous historian, and the founder of the Lirerpool 

 Botanic Garden). Obd. Sriluminew. A genus comprising 

 half-a-dozen species of stove, perennial, Himalayan herbs, 

 with thick, fleshy, fibrous rhizomes. Flowers purple, blue, 

 or yellow, in a terminal, fascicled or spiked, sessile or 

 pedunculate inflorescence ; calyx long, tubular, two or 

 three-toothed ; corolla tube often elongated, shortly en- 

 larged above ; lobes three, the dor.sal one erect, incurved 

 and concave, the lateral ones spreading or recurved. 

 Leaves narrow or sub-cordate-lanceolate ; sheaths long 

 and loose, sometimes very large. R. purpurea, the species 

 known to gardeners, thrives in light turfy loam, and may 

 be readily increased by divisions. 



R. purpurea (innjiIi'-Hc.wered). Jl. full purple, arising from two 

 or three eloiii;;ited, sheatliiiig bracts ; upper lobe erect, fornicate, 

 two lower ones liiiear-olilong, spreading; lateral ones short, con- 

 nate within the upper one ; lip large, deflexed, obovate, deeply 

 bilobed at apex. ;. sessile, lanceolate, striated, verv tinely acumi- 

 nated. Stem slender, leafy, about lOin. long, clothed with the 

 striated sheaths of the leaves. Roots tuberous, fasciculately 

 clustered. 1820. (B. M. 4630; B. R. 1840, 61; H. E. F. 144; 

 L. B. C. 1404; S. E. B. 108.) 



BOS£. .SVt Bosa. 



BOSIjA. Included under Iresiiie. 



BOSE ACACIA. A common name (or Rohinia hispida. 



BOSi:, ALPINE. S,;: Bhododendroa ferru- 

 giueum and B. hirsutum. 



BOSE APPLE. A common name for Eurjenia 

 Jat}iboi<. 



BOSE BAT. See Epilobium angustifolium. 



The name is also given to Nerium Oleander. 



BOSE BEDEGUAB. See Bose Galls. 



BOSE BOX. A common name for Cotoneaster. 



BOSE BBAXD. See remarks on FnNGi under 

 Bosa. 



BOSE BUG. A name occasionally given to beetles 

 that frequent the flowers of Roses. In England, the name 

 usually denotes the Bosechafer (which see). 



BOSE CAMPIOX. A common name for Agro- 

 stemma ami Lychnis (which see). 



BOSECHAFEB (Cetonia aumta). This is one of 

 the handsomest of English beetles, and is easily known 



Fig. 393. Rosecuafer {Cetonia aurata). 



by its size (from fin. to nearly lin. long), and its colour, 

 which is usually brilliant golden-green on the back, with 



Bosechafer — continued. 

 wavy, white marks on the wing-cases near the tips, and 

 three slightly raised lines on each. Sometimes, the colour 

 is deep black above. The lower surface of the body is 

 bright copper-coloured. The body is somewhat heavy in 

 form (.see Fig. 3!)3). The Rosechafers take their com- 

 mon name from the beetles being partial to the flowers 

 of Roses, which they injure, to some extent, by gnawing 

 the sexual organs. Their colour has also given rise to 

 the name Green Rosechafer. The larva; feed on dead 

 wood ; and the beetles, when emerged from the pupiu, 

 have usually to bore their way to the outer air. Hand- 

 picking the beetles is the best remedy, since only in 

 this state are they readily discovered. 



BOSE, CHBISTMAS. See Helleborus niger. 



BOSE ELBEB. See Viburnum Opulus. 



BOSE GALLS. These are the work of several species 

 of insects, mostly Cijnipidcv of the genus Bhodites 

 (which see). This genus, in Europe, includes six species, 

 entirely confined to Rose-gaUs ; and, in North America, 

 it includes four species almost confined to them — only 

 one {R. radicum) resorting to Raspberries and Brambles 

 as well as to the Roses, on all of which it causes large, 

 oblong swellings on the root. The insects are, in all 

 cases, small, the European species being from i\iin. to 

 ,\in. long : but the species of Cynipidce require an adept 

 in their study to recognise them, as they are much alike. 



Fig. 394. Bedegi'ar Gall. 

 1, Gall, natural size, on Twig ; 2, Gall in section ; 3, Larva of 

 lihodites Ros(e, natural size ; 4, Front part of Larva ; 5, Pupa ; 

 6, Perfect Insect. The Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are magnified. 



The Galls on Roses formed by species of Rhodites 

 in Europe are as follows ; 1. Smooth round Galls, like 

 small peas, on leaflets of Rosa cajiiiia and of R. rubiginosa 

 (the Sweetbriar), formed by Rh. Eglanterim. 2. Similar 

 Galls on leaves of Roaa centifolia (the Cabbage Rose), 

 formed by R. centifolia'. 3. Round Galls, like small peas, 

 but bearing a few long, straight spines, on leaves of 

 several kinds of Roses, formed by E. rosarum. 4. Galls 

 on leaves and branches of Kosa caniiia, formed by 



