An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



343 



I — continued. 



tion from the introduced species is here presented. For 



culture, see SEelastoma. 



S. hirsnta (hairy), rf. white ; petals ovate, acute ; peduncles 

 axillary, trifiil. May.' jr. dark purple, hairy. I. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, denticulated, densely hairy on the nerves 

 beneath ; petioles (as well as the peduncles and calyces) bristly, 

 slightly purplish, hirsute. A. 6ft. 1823. 



S. sessiliflora (sessile- flowered). _rf. red ; crowded in the axils, 

 sub-sessile ; petals oval, obtuse. April. I. sub-sessile, oval, 

 acuminate, crenulated, seven-nerved, ciliated, densely bristly- 

 pilose above, villous-hairy beneath. Branches terete, densely- 

 rufous-hairy, h. 4ft. 1793. 



S. umbrosa (shade-loving). _if. red ; petals obovate ; panicles 

 axillary, loosely trichotomous, slightly hispid, as lon-i as the 

 petioles. March. /. broadly ovate, acuminate, serrulated, 

 ciliated, densely pilose on the nerves ; petioles l^.in. long. 

 h. 6ft. 1824. 



SAGB2!A (of Naudin). A synonym of Osssea (which 

 see). 



SAGUERUS. A synonym of Arenga. 



SAGT7S (in part). A synonym of Metroxylon (which 



see'^. 



ST. ANDREW'S CKOSS. See Ascyrum Cruz- 

 Andrese. 



ST. BARBARA'S HERB. A common name for 



Barharen ciili/u ris. 



ST. DABEOC'S HEATH. N> > Daboecia poUfolia. 

 SAINTFOIN. Srr Ouobrychis sativa. 



ST. JOHN'S BREAD. A common name for Cern- 



tuiua Siliijud. 



ST. JOHN'S WORT. S. .■ Hypericum perforatum. 

 ST. JOSEPH'S LILY. .S'.'>' Lilinm caudidum. 

 ST. MARTIN'S FLOWER. A common name for 

 Al-^fyt:e}nena pnlrli ra. 



ST. MARTIN'S HERB. 8c> Sauvagesia 

 erecta. 



ST. MARY'S WOOD. A common name for Calo- 



ph i/lhim inupJi tjUum. 



ST. PATRICKS CABBAGE. Se.- Saxifraga 

 umbrosa. 



ST. PETER'S WORT. A name applied to 

 Ascyrum sfans, Hypericum Ascyroiiy Primula ojicinalis, 

 and the genus Sympkoricarpus. 



SAIiACCA. See Zalacca. 



SAItACIA (a mythological name after Salacia, wife 

 of Neptune). Including Anfhodon and Johnia. Ord. 

 Celastrinew. A large genus (sixty to seventy species) 

 of climbing or sarmentose. stove shrubs or small trees, 

 inhabiting the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia. 

 Africa, and America. Flowers usually axillary, on short 

 branchlets, fascicled or eymose, rarely solitary or binate, 

 sometimes paniculate ; calyx small, five-parted ; petals 

 five, spreading, imbricated ; stamens three, very rarely 

 two or four. Fruit a one to three-celled berry, occasionally 

 large, edible. Leaves generally opposite, petiolate. cori- 

 aceous, shining above, entire or crenate-serrate, esstipulate. 

 The majority of the species are of no great beauty, and 

 are only worth growing in botanical collections. Those 

 usually seen in gardens are described below. They 

 thrive in sandy loam, and may be propagated by ripened 

 cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in heat. 



S, prinoldes (Prinos- like). fl. greenish - yellow, small; 

 peduncles axillary, one-flowered. June. /r. one-seeded, about 

 the size and shape of a small cherry, t. serrate. East Indies, 

 1820. Climber. SVN. Johnia coroma tide liana. 



S. pyriformis (Pear - shaped). _fl. gi-eenish ■ yellow, small ; 

 peduncles axillary, one-flowered, aggregate. June. />. about 

 the size of a liergamot Pear, with a very sweet taste. I. oblong, 

 slightly toothed, h. 5ft. Upper Guinea, 1825. Shrub. 



S, Roxburghii (Roxburgh's). jl. orange- coloured, small; 

 peduncles axillary, one-flowered. June. jr. dull red, two or 

 three-seeded, with white pulp. I. broad-lanceolate, entire, h. 4ft. 

 Chittagong, 1822. A small tree. Syn. Johnia mlacioides. 



SAIiAD BURNET. See Burnet and Poterium 



Saugnisorba. 



SALADS. Plants for these are in daily request, and 

 it is therefore important to maintain a supply all the 

 year round, so far as circumstances admit. Lettuces 

 stand first as Salad plants ; they should always be well 

 blanched when sent to table. Endive is invaluable in 

 autumn and winter. Mustard and Cress may be obtained 

 ready for use in about a week at almost any time of 

 year, if a little heat is at command. Other plants 

 which enter more or less into the composition of Salads 

 are : Beet, Chervil, Chicory. Chives. Radishes, Tarragon, 

 and Tomatoes. Details of the culture of these plants 

 may be found under their several headings. 



SALAIi OR SALLON-SHRUB. A common name 



for G a uU)i e ria Sliallnn. 



SAIiDAlN'HA. A synonym of Hillia (which see). 



SAIiICINEiE. A natural order of trees or shrubs, 

 chiefly inhabiting Northern temperate and frigid regions, 

 a few being natives of South Africa and South America. 

 Flowers dioecious, disposed in catkin-like spikes or rarely 

 racemes, each furnished with a membranous, entire or 

 lobed bract ; perianth replaced by a glandular or urceolate 

 disk ; stamens of the male flowers two or numerous, 

 inserted on the centre of the torus ; ovary of the females 

 sessile or shortly stipitate ; style short or very short, 

 two or four-fid. Capsule ovoid or oblong, usually acu- 

 minate, dehiscing in two to four valves at the base. 

 Leaves alternate, entire, serrulated, toothed or rarely 

 lobed. penniveined or three-nerved, decidunus : stipules 

 free, scaly and deciduous, or foliaceous and leafy. The 

 only two genera — Pop u I us and Salix — contribute some 

 ornamental subjects to our gardens. Most of the species 

 possess astringent and bitter principles. Poplar wood, 

 although soft, is valued for its lightness ; while that of 

 several species of S(di.v, particularly the Osier {S. pur- 

 purea, S. riminalis, and S. fifellina), is in great demand 

 by basket-manufacturers, coopers, and gardeners. The 

 number of species comprised in Salicinece is estimated, 

 by various authors, at between 150 and 300. 



SAIiICORNIA (from sal, salt, and coniu, a horn ; 

 alluding to the economical products and the horn-like 

 branches of the plants). Glasswort ; Marsh Samphire. 

 Ord. Chenopofliacece. A small genus (about eight species) 

 of greenhouse or hardy, annual or perennial, leafless, sea- 

 shore herbs, broadly dispersed. Flowers in terminal, 

 short or elongated, cylindrical spikes. S. herhncea (Crab 

 Grass) and S. radicans represent the genus in Britain. 

 " The various species of this genus, as well as others 

 belonging to the same family, and growing abundantly on 

 the coasts in the South of Europe and North of Africa, 

 yield a vast quantity of soda, much employed in making 

 both soap and glass, whence comes the English name 

 Glasswort " (Hooker and Arnott). The ashes of these 

 and allied plants were formerly imported under the name 

 of Barilla ; but since the introduction of Le Blanc s pro- 

 cess for obtaining soda from common salt. Barilla has 

 not been much used. The species have no horticxiltural 

 value. 



SAIiIGOT. An old name for Trapa nutans 

 (which see.) 



SALINE MANURES. These are contrasted with 

 farmyard Manures and others that contain abundant 

 organic matter, i.e., remains of animals and of plants. The 

 Saline Manures, consisting of mineral substances, are 

 compounds or "salts" of various metals. They differ 

 widely in composition, some being made up of one mineral 

 substance alone, others being compounds of several, 

 mixed naturally or artificially. The artificial Manures 

 are largely employed on farms, and, to some extent, in 

 gardens, to improve the crops either in quantity or in 

 quality. They differ much in their mode of action : 



