An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



349 



Salvadora — continued. 

 S. indica {Indian). A synonym of .S". pcr.uca. 

 S. persica (Persian). Kilinel Oili)lant. fl. white, pedicellate, 



scattered ; panicles 2in. to Sin. long, often very compound, 



numerous in the upper axils. June. L ovate or oblong, obtuse, 



IJin. long. Arabia, India. Ac, 1850. A small, glabrous tree. 



(B. K. S. 217, under name of .S'. Wvtiitiaiia.) Sv.v. .S. indica. 



SAIiVADORACEJE. A small natural order of 

 glabrous or scarcely powdery, luiarmed or spiny (rees 

 or shrubs, uatives of tropical and sub-tropical, mostly 

 Western Asia, Africa, and the Mascarene Islands. 

 Flowers hermaphrodite or dicccious. regular, forming a 

 trichutomously-paniculate inflorescence ; calyx free, cam- 

 panulate or ovoid, tliree or four-toothed or four-fid ; corolla 

 gamopetalous and campanulate. or polypetalous, the 

 lobes or petals four, imbricated in a'stivatiou ; stamens 

 four, alternating with the lobes or petals, the filaments 

 filiform or dilated at base ; anthers two-celled ; panicles 

 short, axillary, often reduced to dense, sessile fascicles. 

 Berries fleshy or sub-drupaceous, indehiscent, usually 

 one-seeded. Leaves opposite, entire. Salvcidora persu'o. 

 bears edible berries ; the bark of the root contains acrid 

 and vesicant properties, and that of the stem is a tonic. 

 The order comprises three genera — Azima, Dobera, and 

 Salvadurn — and only eight or nine species. 



SALVIA (the old Latin name, used by Pliny, 

 from .•-■((/ rt'o, to save or heal ; indicative of the supposed 

 medicinal qualities of some of the species). Sage. 



Including liclnrea. Ord. Lahiatcc. A vast genus (nearly 

 450 species have been described) of stove, greenhouse, 

 or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sub- 

 shrubs, or shrubs, of variable habit, broadly dispersed 

 over the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. 

 Flowers variable in colour, rarely yellow, mostly showy, 

 sessile or shortly pedicellate ; calyx ovoid, tubular, or 

 campanulate. bilabiate, the upper lip entire or with 

 three minute teeth, the lower one bifid ; corolla tube 

 included or exserted, equal, swollen, or enlarged above, 

 the limb bilabiate ; upper lip erect, concave or arched, 

 entire or scarcely notched ; lower one spreading, three- 

 lobed, the middle lobe often notched or divided ; 

 perfect stamens two ; whorls two to many- flowered, 

 variously spicate, racemose, or paniculate, or rarely all 

 axillary. Nutlets ovoid, triquetrous or slightly com- 

 pressed, smooth. Leaves entire, toothed, incised, or 

 pinnatisect ; floral ones often changed into bracts ; cauline 

 ones rarely conformed. A large number of the species 

 have been introduced ; a selection of the most desirable 

 kinds is given below. Two species — S'. prafensis and 

 S. Verbenaca — are indigenous to Britain. S. oliicinall,'< 

 is the well-know,^ common Sage, much used in cooking. 

 Salvias may readily be raised from seeds ; when these can 

 be obtained, they should be sown thinly, and placed in a 

 little warmth. Cuttings of the tender species and 

 varieties root very readily in heat, if they are quite soft, 

 and in a growing state. As greenhouse plants for 

 autumn and winter-flowering, some of the Salvias are 

 very show^y and useful. Amongst them may be specially 

 mentioned: S. azurea (var. grandijiora), S. cacal(ufolia, 

 S. invohu-rata {var. Befhellii), S. rutilaiis, S. splendeu.^ 

 (and its variety Brtutntii^. For spring - flowering.- 

 S. buliciana, S. fuhjeiis, and S. {jesnertejioi-a, are amongst 

 the best. S. paU-ns is one of the most distinct and 

 beautiful of deep blue-flowered plants in cultivation, and 

 is equally well suited for greenhouse decoration in sum- 

 mer, or for planting in beds outside, to flower at the 

 same season. Salvias like a rich soil, particularly when 

 grown in pots ; loam and manure, in about equal parts, 

 is not too strong for them. The plants may be grown 

 outside during summer, but they must be hoised before 

 frost appears, as they cannot withstand severe weather. 

 Salvias are not well adapted for room decoration ; under 

 such treatment, their flowers very soon drop. The 

 plants should be propagated, for all purposes, in spring 

 and early summer ; and, in most cases, it is advisable 



Salvia — continued. 

 to raise some new ones each year. Except where other- 

 wise stated, the species described below are hardy, 

 herbaceous perennials. 



S. albo-caerulea (white and bhie).* /(., calyx campanulate- 

 tubular, glandular-pubescent : corolla white, the lower lip 

 intense indigo, lin. or more in length, showy ; whorls four to 

 many-flowered ; raceme simple, 6in. to 12in. long. Summer. 

 /. petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, long-acumiiuite, 4in. to 6in. long, 

 crenate-serrate, decurrent into the petioles, nearly glaVu-ous 

 above, softly pubescent beneath. Stems erect. h. 3ft. 

 Mexico. lUeenhouse sub-shiub. (F. d. S. 13W ; H. Ci. 221.) 



S, amarisslma (very bitter), yf. blue ; calyx pilose-hispid ; 

 corolla nearly thrice as li>ng as the calyx ; whorls distinct, 

 rather remote, aliout tun-flowi'red ; racemes 3in. to 6in. long, 

 simple, dense-flowered. .Vugust. t. petiolate, ovate-cordate, 

 crenate, l^in. long, wrinkled above, pale or canescent beneath. 

 Stem erect, branched, 2ft. high, pilose-hispid. Mexico, 1803. 

 Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 317.) 



S. angustlfolia (narrow-leaved). /. very shortly pedicellate ; 

 calyx lips li;ilf the lengtli of the tube ; corolla blue, the lower lip 

 jis "wide us long, the middle lobe eniarginate or undulate; 

 inflorescence twiggy, slender, of distant, few-flowered clusters. 

 May. I. linear, IJiu. to 3in. long, entire or obscurely denticulate, 

 acute, somewhat petiolcd. /(. 2ft. Mexico, 1816. (ireenhouse 

 perennial. (B. R. 1551 ; S. B. V. G. ser. ii. 219.) 



S. argentea (silvery), /f., calyx sessile, eight to nine lines long ; 

 corolla pinkish-white, showy, nearly three times as long as the 

 calyx; whorls six to ten-flowered, remote; panicle ample, but 

 slightly branched. June. (., radical ones petiolate, lower canline 

 ones sessile, 6iu. to 8in. long, cuneate at base, sinuate-lobed, 

 crose, woolly, wrinkled, white-veined ; Horal ones very broad, 

 acuminate, concave, persistent, pilose. Stem erect, villous. 

 h. 5ft. .Mediterranean region, 1759. Biennial. (S. F. U. i. 27.) 



S. asperata (rough).* /f. white ; calyx campanulate, hispid- 

 ciliate ; corolla tube equalling the cidyx. the hood falcate and 

 compressed ; whorls distant, six to ten-flnweieil ; racemes slightly 

 branched. July. (. petiolate, bro.idly sub cordate-ovate, shortly 

 acuminate, erose-crenate, mucli wrinkled, villous, scarcely canes- 

 cent beneath ; cauline ones broad, acuminate, mostly longer 

 than the calyx. Stem glandular-pubescent and pilose. Ii. 2ft. 

 Cashmere, 1854. (B. M. 4884.) 



S. aurea (golden). /., calyx iin. long, campanulate, villous ; 

 corolla of a beautiful golden-colour, thrice as long as the calyx, 

 the hood large, slightly falcate and compressed; whorls two- 

 flowered, scarcely distinct ; racemes dense, 2in. to 4in. long. 

 July. (. Jin. or scarcely lin. long, petiolate. somewhat ovate- 

 rotundate, obtuse, entire or sinuate, hoary ; floral ones sessile, 

 villous, persistent. Branches hoary-tonientose. /(. 3ft. or more. 

 Cape of Hood Hope, 1731. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 182.) 



S. austriaca (.Vustrian). ;(., calyx nearly iin. long, very villous ; 

 corolla yi'Uiiwish-white, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube 

 slightly exserted, the upper lip falcate; whorls nearly six- 

 flowered, the lower ones distant, the upper ones approximating ; 

 racemes slightly branched. June. I., radical ones 3in. to 4in. 

 long, petiolate, broadly ovate, entire or erose-toothed, cordate, 

 rounded, or cuneate at base, wrinkled above, pubescent beneath ; 

 cauline ones one or two pairs, sessile 2in. long ; floral ones five 

 lines long, ovate, acuunnate. Stem erect, 2ft. to 5ft. high, 

 nearly simple. Austria, 1776. (B. R. 1019 ; J. F. A. 112.) 



S. azurea (azure-blue), fl., calyx oblong-campanulate, obscurely 

 bilabiate ; corolla deep blue, sometimes varying to white, the 

 lower lip sinuately three-lobed and eniarginate ; pedicels short ; 

 inflorescence spike-formed. August. I., lower ones lanceolate or 

 oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering into a slight 

 petiole ; upper ones narrower, often linear, entire ; floral ones or 

 bracts subulate, somewhat persistent. Ii. 6ft. North America, 

 1806. Plant glabrous or puberulous. (B. M. 1728.) 



S. a. grandiflora (large-flowered). /., calyx tomentulose- 

 sericeous ; inflorescence denser than in the type. Plant 

 cinereous-puberulous. SVN. S. Pitchcri (F. M. n. s., 455 ; 

 G. C. n. s., xiv. 685). 



S. Bethellii (Bethell's). A garden variety of .S'. ijimlucrata. 



S. bicolor (two-coloured).* fl., calyx four to flve lines long, 

 glutinous-hispid, with subulate-acuminate teeth ; corolla tlirice 

 as long as the calyx, the upper lip bluish-violet, golden- 

 dotted, the lower one whitish; whorls six-flowered, distinct; 

 racemes lift, to 2ft. long, many-flowered. Jnne. (., lower ones 

 petiolate, ample, ovate, incised-toothed. pinnatitid or palmately 

 lobed ; middle ones petiolate, ovate- kiuccnlato ; ujiper ones 

 sessile; all cordate at base, and i;lutineuis-pubescent. Stem 

 thick, 2ft. to 3ft. high, scarcely branched. Barbary, 1793. A 

 very pretty and distinct, hardy biennial. (B. M. 1774 ; P. M. B. 

 ix. 271.) 



S, bolivlana (Bolivian).* fl. many in a whorl ; calyx jin. long, 

 dull i)uriple or green and piirple ; corolla bright scarlet, 3in. long, 

 slightly curved, glabrous, the upper lip very small, the lower 

 shortly three-lobed ; panicle sub-sessile, 2ft. high, branched. 

 Autumn. I. 3in. to 6in. long, ovate-cordate, acute, wrinkled ; 

 petioles slender, lin. to 3in. king. h. 4ft. Bolivia, 1856. Green- 

 house under-shrub. (B. M. 6714 ; F. d. S. 1148.) 



