35i 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Sambucus — continued, 



S. canadensis ((.'anadian). Jl. wliite, almost scentleHH ; cymes 

 of five main Inanches. July and August, /r. deep bluish-black. 

 t. pinnate or sub-pinnate; leaflets about nine, oblnntr, oval, 

 stimsh, acuminate, more or le.ss pubescent lieneath, -sometimes 

 appendiculated at the base. fi. 4ft. to 6ft. <'an!ida to Carolina, 

 1761. Shrub. (IJ. M. PI. 138.) 



S. Ebulus (Ebuhis). Dane's Blond; Dane Weed; Danewort ; 

 Deadwtirt ; Dwarf Elder, &c. fl.. white, tipped with pink, 

 broadly campanulate ; cymes 3iri. to 4in. in diameter, three- 

 rayed, covymltose, compact. July and August, fr. black, small, 

 globose. /., leaflets four to six pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 4in. to 

 6in. long, serrated ; stipules leafy, serrated. Stems 2ft. to 4ft. 

 high, many, stout, ribbed and gi'ooved. Europe (Britain), North 

 Africa. Herbaceous perennial. (Sy. En. B. 658.) 



Fig. 412. Portion of Inflorescence of Sambucus nigra. 



S. nigra (black).* Boon-tree; Bur-tree; Common Elder, fl. white, 



rotate, jin. in diameter; cymes 4in. to 6in. in diameter, flat- 

 topped, flve-rayed. June. fr. Idack, rarely green, small, globose, 

 i., leaflets two to four pairs, lin. to 3in. long, ovate, oblong, or 

 lanceolate, rarely orbicular, serrated ; stipules small or absent. 

 Trunk often as thick as the thigh; branchlets angular, h. 25ft. 

 Europe (Uritaiu), North Africa. Tree. See Fig. 412. (B. M. PI. 

 137 ; Sy. \in. B. 637.) 



S, n. aurea (golden).* (Jolden Elder. A fine variety, with 

 golden leaves. 



S. n. laciniata (torn).* l^irsley-leaved Elder, h, leaflets cut into 

 tine segments. A handsome form. 



S. n. monstrosa (monstr()Us). Jl. five to fifteen-parted; stigmas 

 five to twelve. .//■. irregular. Branches striped. 



S. n. rotundifolia (Touml-leaved). Jl. in few-flowered corymbs. 

 I. trifoliolate ; leaflets petiolate, roundish, serrated. 

 Other forms of S. nigra are ; foliis argentels and foliis luteis, 



leaves variegated with white and yellow respectively ; le^icocarpa, 



fruit white ; vircscens fruit yellowish-green. 



S. pubens (downy), jl. whitish, in a thyrsoid panicle. April and 

 May. ./>•. red. I. pinnate ; leaflets five, membranous, ovate- 

 lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but 

 chiefly on the under side. h. 6ft. to 12ft. North America, 1812. 

 A large shrub or low tree. 



S. racemosa (racemose-flowered).* Hart's Elder ; Scarlet-berried 

 Elder. _//. white ; panicle ovate. April and May. fr. scarlet. 

 I. pinnate, pale green, large, rather smooth ; leaflets five, mem- 

 branous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal at the base ; 

 petioles glabrous, h. 10ft. to 20ft. South Europe and Siberia, 

 1596. A low tree or large shrub. (F. D. 2951.) The form laciniata 

 has jagged leaflets, plumosa has deeply pinuatifid leaflets. 



SAMBUIi PLANT. A common name for Ferula 

 Snmhiil. 



SAMOXiUS (an old name which Pliny ascribes to 

 the Druitls, and which is thonght by Sprengel to refer 

 to S. Valerandi). Brook-weed. Ord. Prinmlacem. A 

 genus comprising about eight species of greenhouse 

 or hardy herbs, sometimes shrubby at base. H. ValerantH 

 is cosmopolitan, growing wild in Britain, and the rest 

 are mostly found on the seashores of extra- tropical 

 Southern regions. Flowers white, in terminal racemes 

 or corymbs ; calyx one-half superior, the limb five-fid ; 

 corolla perigynons, nearly campanulate, five - parted ; 

 stamens five. Leaves alternate, the lower ones some- 

 times rosulate, linear, oblong, or spathulate, entire. The 

 species have no great ornamental value. One only calls 



Samolus — continued. 

 for description here. It thrives freely in ordinary soil, 

 in a moist position ; and may be increased by division. 



S. repens (creeping), jl. pinkish-white, usually four to five lines 

 across; corolla tube broad, as long as the ovate lobes. August. 

 I., radical on<^s petiolate, <:>vate r)r oblong ; catdine ones usually 

 small, linear or fibhuig. Stems simple or branched, juostrate or 

 erect, and 6in. to 12in. high. Australia, 1806. Hardy peren- 

 nial. (L. IS. C. 435. under name of ,S'. litt > rails.) 



SAMPHIRI! {Crithmum maritimum). A native, 

 hardy perennial, which grows naturally near the sea-coast, 

 and is not very easily cultivated inland. The leaves are 

 occasionally used in salads, and for seasoning. It requires, 

 under cultivation, a warm position at the foot of a south 

 wall, and an occasional dressing of sea-salt; protection 

 mast also be provided in winter. Propagation is effected 

 by divisions or by seeds ; the latter should be sown soon 

 after they are ripe, in autumn. 



SAMYDA (from Samifdo, the old Greek name used 

 by Theophraatus for the Birch ; in allusion to the re- 

 semblance in habit). Ord. Samydacece. A small genus 

 (two species) of stove, evergreen shrubs, natives of the 

 West Indies. Flowers white, pink, or greenish, rather 

 large, solitary or fascicled ; calyx tube campanulate, 

 coloured ; lobes four to six, imbricated, unequal : petals 

 absent ; stamens eight to thirteen, the filaments connate 

 in a tube. Leaves distichous, alternate, oblong, pellucid- 

 dotted ; stipules minute. The species are ornamental 

 subjects ; they thrive in a mixture of loam and peat. 

 Propagated readily by cuttings, inserted in a pot of 

 sand, under a hand glass, in slight heat. 



S. glabrata (glabrous). Jl. greenish-white, solitary or a few in 

 the axil, sub-sessile or shortly stalkeil, campanulate, about |in. 

 l(uig. Jidy and August, l. oblong, entire or oljsoletely serru- 

 lated, glabrous, 3in. to Sin. long ; pellucid dots and lines distant, 

 lirancldets pubescent, fi. 5ft. to 12ft. 1800. SvN. S. npinulosa. 



S. serrulata (serrulated). Jl. white or red, iin. or more long, 

 solitary or fascicled, campanulate, pubescent; calyx lobes blunt. 

 July. I. soft, oblong or elliptic, serrated, pointed or blunt, 

 2in. to 4in. long, pubescent or glabrous aliove, velvety beneath. 

 h. 4ft. 1725. (B. M. 550, under name of ,S'. roam.) 



S, Spinulosa (slightly spiny). A synonym of .S". fjlabrata. 



SAMTDACEJE. A natural order of glabrous, pubes- 

 cent, or tomeutose trees or shrubs, broadly dispersed 

 over tropical regions. Flowers regular, iisually herm- 

 aphrodite, inconspicuous, racemed, fascicled, or panicled ; 

 calyx coriaceous, persistent, the tube usually free, the limb 

 of three to seven imbricate or valvate lobes ; petals as 

 many as the calyx lobes, and similar, rarely more or 

 wanting, imbricate in bud ; stamens definite or indefinite, 

 in one or many series, usually alternating with staminodes, 

 equidistant or collected in fascicles ; filaments filiform or 

 capillary, free or connate ; anthers didymous or oblong ; 

 pedicels articulated and bibracteolate. Fruit indehiscent 

 or capsular, one-celled, one or many-seeded, three to five- 

 valved at the top and throughout its length. Leaves 

 petiolate, simple, alternate and distichous, rarely opposite 

 or whorled, sometimes pellucid-dotted, entire or serrated, 

 the teeth sometimes gland-tipped ; .stipules small, usually 

 deciduous, or absent, rarely leafy. The order comprises 

 seventeen genera, and about 1 50 species. Examples : 

 Abatia, Banara, Cascaria, Homalium, and Smnydn. 



SANCHEZIA (named in honour of Josef Sanchez, 

 Professor of Botany at Cadiz). Stn. Ancyloyyne. Ord. 

 Acanthacew. A noble genus of stove, erect, perennial herbs 

 or Bub-shrubs, glabrous or loosely pilose above ; there are 

 about eight species, natives of Peru, Columbia, and Brazil. 

 Flowers orange, reddish, or purple, sessile in the axils 

 of the bracts, or shortly pedicellate and fascicled or 

 rarely solitary ; calyx deeply five-fid or five-parted ; corolla 

 tube long, cylindrical or slightly swollen above the 

 middle, limb of five rounded, spreading lobes; bracts some- 

 times ample, in a cup-like fascicle, sometimes narrow or 

 small ; bracteoles resembling calyx segments. Leaves 

 opposite, ample, entire or scarcely toothed. Two species 



