An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



367 



Sarracenia — ronlinni'i}. 



;iTetMiisli with thtik piiiplf iMis :iih1 veins; lamina broadly reni- 

 fniin, nndiilatiMl. retirulatcd with reddish-purplo. Parents : 

 S". liriniiiiintxlii (tlha anil S. Jiara. 

 S. Williamsi (Williams') • ?. quite erect, rather short, funnel- 

 shaped, constrieted a slmrt distam-e helow the apex. ;;rei'n. rililii-d 

 with deep purplish-crimson ; wiii;L; vuinrd witli intr|>lish-crinis'.n ; 

 lamina very bruad ami full, cnnlatf-reiiifonii, stmu-ly niavkeil l>y 

 trii-lnit<nii»'iis rilis. united liy smaller veins, tlie insitle nuire closely 

 reticidateil with deep purplish-crimson. A very distinct and 

 striking' liybrid between N. pur/>un'a and .S". jiara. 



SARRACENIACEiC. A very small natural order 

 of curious, j.erennial herbs, inhahitiug turfy, spongy 

 bog-s in America. Flowers solitary or few, large, 

 racemose, nodding ; sepals four or five, free, hypo- 

 gynoufi, closely imbricated from the bas^e, sub-petaloid, 

 persistent ; petals five. free, hypogynous, imbricated, 

 deciduous, or (in Heliamphoni) wanting ; stamens 

 numerous, hypogynous. free ; filaments filiform : anthers 

 two-celled ; scapes naked or few-bracted. Leaves all 

 radical, with a tubular or amphora-shaped petiole 

 (pitcher) ; blade (lid) small, rounded, usually lying on 

 the orifice of the petiole. " Sarracenia rubra has been 

 vaunted in Canada as a specific against small-pox, but 

 has not proved such. The pitchei'-shapcd leaves are 

 effective insect traps ; a sugary secretion exudes at the 

 mouth of the pitcher, and attracts the insects, which 

 descend lower in the tube, where they meet with a belt 

 of reflexed hairs, which facilitate their descent into a 

 watery fluid that fills the bottom of the cavity, and at 

 the same time prevents their egress " (Le Maout and 

 Decaisne). The order embraces three genera— -Da Wmj/- 

 fonia, Helianiiiliora. and Sa.rrareniasMd eight species. 



SAItSAFAIMLLA. A name applied to the roots 

 of several jdants. more especially those of certain species 

 of Sniila.i. 



SASHES. Any framework in a glass structure, in 

 which glass is embedded, whether fixed to the rafters 

 or not. might be called a Sash, but tlie term is most 

 generally used in reference to glazed frames which open 

 for purposes of ventilation in a house, or are used on 

 pits, Sic, where they may be kept on or pulled off, as 

 considered requisite. These latter are called movable 

 Sashes. In houses of modern construction, most ven- 

 tilating Sa-hes are made to open by means of iron 

 gearing and levers, an arrangement whi(?h is much to be 

 commended for its easy and effectual mode of working. 



SASSAFRAS (from Sassafras, the Spanish word for 

 Saxifr.igo, like virtues to which plant it was supposed 

 to possess). Ord. Laurinecc. A monotypic genus. The 

 species is an ornamental, hardy, deciduous tree, with 

 spicy-aromatic bark, and very mucilaginous twigs and 

 foliage. In Virginia, a kind of beer is manufactured 

 from the young shoots ; other parts of the tree are of 

 economical value, the oil extracted from the fruits 

 being used by perfumers. The tree is frequently grown 

 in this country : it is remarkable for the variety it ex- 

 hibits in the i^hape and si/.e of its leaves. For culture, 

 ike, sf.-e Laurus. 



S, officinale (otticinal). Sassafras-tree. f!. Ki'*?enish-yetIow, 

 shortly and loosely racemose ; jierianth tube very short, the 

 limb segments six (sometimes variously abnormal) ; bracts small, 

 narrow ; racemes nearly umltellitorm. shortly pedunculate. 

 April. I. alternate, niend)ranous, penniveined, ovate, entire, or 

 some of them three-lolied. soon ;;labrous. /;. 15ft. to .?0(t. 

 Eastern t'nited States, 1635. (li. M. 1*1. 220; T. S. M. 360.) 

 S> >. jAtiifu.s .^ii/<.sajras. 



CKloroxyloii Swie- 



SASSAFRAS, CALIFORNIAM*. 



laria californica. 



.SV' 



TTmbellu- 



SWAMP. 



common name 



SASSAFRAS, 



Maijniil Ifi [lilt urn . 

 SASSAFRAS, 



to Athrmspenna ni 



SASSAFRAS TRUE. 



SATIN FLOWER. Srr Sisyrinchium. 



SATIN MOTH. Sw Liparis. 



for 



TASMANIAN. A name applied 



rhaf.i. 



Sassafras officinale. 



SATINWOOD-TREE. St-f 

 tenia. 



SATIVUS. Cultivated. 



SATURFIA (the old Latin name iised by Pliny). 

 Ord. Lnbiafcc. A genus comprising aliout fourteen species 

 of liighly aromatic, hardy herbs or under-shnibs ; one is 

 a native of Floriila, and the rest inhabit the Mediter- 

 ranean region. Flowers whorled ; calyx five-tootlied or 

 very obscurely bilabiate ; corolla tube equalling the 

 calyx or bracteoles, the limb bilabiate : stamens four, 

 distant. Leaves small, entire, often fascicled : floral and 

 cauline ones conformed, or the uppermost ones reduced 

 to small bracts. Several species have been introduced, 

 but only two call for notice here. The leaves of both 

 are employed, like other sweet herbs, for seasoning, in 

 cookery. "• Both species were noticed by Virgil as being 

 among the most fragrant of herbs, and on this account 

 were recommended to be grown near bee-hives. Vinegar, 

 flavoured with Savory and other aromatic herbs, was 

 as much used by the ancient Romans as Mint-sauc3 is 

 at the present day with us" (Lindley and Moore). 



S. hortensis (garden). Summer Savory, ri. pale lilac, small, 

 axillary, on short pedicels ; coiuTnon peduncle sometimes three- 

 flowered. July. /. ohlong-linear, acute, shortly narrowed at base 

 into the i)etioles. /i. 6in. or rather more. South Europe, 1562. 

 A pubescent annual. Sc<- nl.sn Savory, Summer. 



S. montana (mountain). Winter Savory, jl. very pale purple; 

 cymes shortly pedunculate, apiiroximatiTig in a spike or raceme. 

 June. t. ohlonj;, linear, and acute, or the lower ones .spathulate 

 or cuneate and ohtuse. Stems wooily at Itase, diffuse, much 

 branched. South ICurope, 1562. A glabrous or scabrouspuhescent 

 under-shrub. (S. F. (i. 513.) See a hi, Savory, Winter. 



SATYRIUIVC (Snfyrion was the name given by 

 Dioscorides to one of the Orchids, from nafuros, a 

 satyr ; alluding to supposed aphrodisiacal properties). 

 Syn. Dijilecthram. Ord. Orckiihce. A rather large 

 genus (nearly fifty species have been described) of 

 .^tove, greenhouse, or half-hardy, terrestrial, tuberous- 

 rooted orchids, inhabiting the Kast Indies, the Masca- 

 rene Islands, and, for the most part, Southern and 

 tropical Africa. Flowers mediocre or rather large, 

 rarely small, in dense spikes ; sepals and petals free, 

 much spreading or reflexed ; liji sessile at the base of 

 the column, broad, concave, galeate, or cucullate, un- 

 divided, double-spurred, or bisaccate ; bracts membranous 

 or somewhat leafy. Leaves few on the lower part of 

 the stem, rarely many at the sides of a tall stem. 

 Tuber undivided. The species in cultivation are de- 

 scribed below. Most of them will succeed admirably 

 in a cold frame, in a compost of turfy peat, fibry loam, 

 ■ and sand, with plenty of drainage. 8. ciliafum and 

 S. nepalense thrive under similar treatment as regards 

 compost, but require a greenhouse temperature. Propa- 

 gation may be effected by division of the roots, made as 

 fresh growth is commencing. Except where otherwise 

 indicated, the under-mentioned species are South African. 

 S. aureum (^'ohlen).* ,rf. deep orange-colour, shaded with rich 

 crimson. July and Avigust, and continuing in perfection a 

 lou" time. h. 1ft. or more. 1842. A fine plant. (P. M. li. 

 XV. 31.) 

 S. candidum (white), jl wliite, very sweetly aromatic ; sepals 

 linear, spreading ; petals smaller, ascending, recurved at apex ; 

 lip inflated, obtuse. September. I. twin, somewhat roundish- 

 ovate, glabrous. /(. sometimes lift. 1836. 

 S, carneum (flesh-coloured). Jl. white, suffused with flesh-colour, 

 larjie ; sepals obtuse ; petals inequilateral ; lip galeate, apiculate, 

 reflexed ; bracts rose-margined. June. /. radical, twin, orbi» 

 cular. fleshy; sheaths leafv, cucullate. /*. Uft. 1797. (B. M. 

 1512; F. d. S. 329.) 

 S. ciliatum (ciliated). Ji. pinkish-white; sepals linear, narrower 

 tiian the petals, ciliated ; lip ;;;ilfati-, the spurs very short; bracts 

 very long, leafy; spike oval, imliricated. Aujjust. l. ovate- 

 lanceolate, erect. Himalayas, 1880. 

 S. corilfolium (leathery-leaved).* fl. yellow ; sepals and petals 

 linear, ohtuse, glabrous, shorter than the orbicular lip ; spur 

 (cylindrical, obtuse, bearded within ; bracts ovate, reflexed; spike 

 few-flowered. October. I. ohlcuig-lanceolate. acute, s]U'eading, 

 slightlv scabrous on the margins, h. 1ft. ISiiO. (B. M. 2172; 

 H. R. 705 ; S. B. K. (i. ii. 3 ; L. B. (_'. 104, under name uf .S. ciwtil- 

 latum.) 



