384 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



SCHIZANTHUS (from schizo, to cut, and nnthox, 

 a flower ; alluding to the incised corolla). Butterfly or 

 Fringe Flower. Urd. Solanacea. A small genus (about 

 seven species have been descrilied) of very beautiful and 

 showy, erect, more or less glandular-viscous, half-hardy, 

 annual herbs, restricted to Chili. Flowers variously 

 coloured ; calyx deeply five-cleft ; corolla tube short or 

 elongated, cylindrical ; limb spreading, oblique, plaited, 

 sub-bilabiate, imbricated, elegantly incised ; perfect 

 stamens two ; cymes terminal. Leaves often pinnatisect, 

 the segments entire or toothed. The species and varieties 

 of Schizanfhus form very elegant, free-flowering, border 

 plants, in summer and autumn, outside. The half-hardy 

 kinds may be sown in a little heat, in spring, and after- 

 wards planted out ; or in autumn, and preserved in a 

 cool house or pit through the winter. S. pinnatus and 

 its garden varieties are hardy, and will grow and flower 

 freely if sown in the open ground, in March or April. 

 These plants are well adapted for pot-culture to flower 

 in early spring ; for this purpose, seeds should be sown 

 in August or September, and the young plants grown 

 on singly in a frame or house where frost is merely 

 excluded. They may be grown to flower in Tin. or Sin. 

 pots, during early spring, when the plants become, in a 

 greenhouse temperature, a mass of elegant foliage and 

 curiously-shaped blossoms. Seeds ripen in great abund- 

 ance. A rich soil is advisable for pot-culture, after the 

 plants are strong enough to bear it ; in the open ground, 

 also, they well repay liberal treatment. The best-known 

 species are here described. 



S. candidus (white).* /., corolla white ; anterior lip segments 

 laterally hilnlied, the lolies shortly anil irregularly incused. July. 

 /. pinn;itisect or deeply piimatifid ; segments entire, few-tootheil. 

 ;,. 2ft. 1843. .Allied to S. Iloukerl. (Ji. R. 1843, 45.) 



S. Evansianus (Evans'). A synonym of ,S'. pinnalus. 



Fig. 446. Flowering Branch and detached Flower of 



SCHIZANTHUS liRAHAMI. 



S, Grabami (Graham's).* jl. ample ; corolla lilac or rose-colour ; 

 upper lip yellow, tipped with lilac ; tube equalling the calyx, 

 -lune to October. I. once or twice pinnatisect; segments entire 

 or dentate-pinnatitid. h. 2ft. 1831. See Fig. 446. (li. M. 3044 : 

 F. d. s. 712; R. (i. 385.) 



S. G, retusus (retuse).* fl. much larger than in the type ; corolla 

 intense rose-colour ; middle segment of the anterior lip orange 

 near the apex. I. less dissected. (B. M. 3045, B. E. 1544, and 



Schizanthus — continued. 



S. B. F. G. ser. ii, 201, under name of S. retumts.) A sub-variety 

 has white Howers with crimson tips. 

 S. Hookeri (Hooker's). Jl., corolla pale rose-colour, except the 

 middle nf the upper segment, which is yellow ; middle seg- 

 ment of the lower lip furnished with two long horns ; stamens 

 loug-exserted. /. sinnlar to those of S. Grakami. h. 2ft. 1828. 

 (B. M. 3070.) 

 S. pinnatifidus (pinnatifid-leaved). A synonym of S. pinnatug 

 S. pinnatus (pinnate-leaved).* jf., corolla tube shorter than the 

 cjilyx ; posterior lip often violet or lilac, the middle segment 

 cucidlate, bilobed ; anterior lip pale, the middle segment more or 

 less yellowish, and spotted with purple or violet, eiuarginate, 

 the lateral ones four-lobed. .June to Octo))er. I. once or twice 

 jiinnatitid ; segments entire, toothed, or incised - pinnatifid. 

 /i. 2ft. 1822. The following figures represent diflerent forms 

 of this variable phmt: B. M. 2404 ; B. R. 725. 1562; II. K. F. 73; 

 P. M. B. ii. 198 ; S. H. F. G. 63, and ser. ii. 97. Syns. .S. Emm- 

 iamts (L. & P. F. G. viil. 171), .s'. pinnatijidus, S. porrujens (B. J\I. 

 2521 : H. E. F. 86 ; S. B. F. (i. 76). ,S'. Priestii (L. & P. F. G. i. 31) 

 is a white-fit iMered form. 



S. porrigens (spreading). A synonym of S. pinnatus. 



S. Priestll (Priest's). A form of .S. pinnatus. 



S. retusus (retuse). A synonym of S. Grahami retusus. 



SCHIZOBASIS (from schim, to cut, and basis, the 

 base ; the withered perianth separates at its base from 

 the receptacle, and is pushed off by the swelling fruit 

 in the form of a calyptra). Ord. Liliacew. A genus con- 

 sisting of five species of stove or greenhouse, bulbous 

 plants, natives of tropical and South Africa. Flowers 

 small, racemose or scattered at the sides of the branches ; 

 perianth marcescent, persistent, with equal, spreading 

 segments ; stamens six ; bracts minute or obsolete. 

 Leave< radical, early, few, linear, rather thick, absent in 

 flowering specimens. Stem leafless, slender, branched. 

 S. intricata, the only species introduced, requires green- 

 house heat, and full sunshine. It thrives in light loam, 

 and may be increased by seeds, or by offsets. 



S. Intricata (intricate). /., perianth white, with a green dorsal 

 rib ; racemes ultimately very loose, l^in. to 2in. long ; panicle 

 obversely deltoid, 2in. to 6in. long and broad, the branches 

 ascending; scape firm, slender, 2in. to 6in. long. /. four to ten, 

 subulate, erect, fleshy, glabrous, 2in. to Sin. long. South Africa, 

 1875. 



SCHIZOCXITA SINTTATA. A synonym of Cyafhea 

 siniiata. 



SCHIZOCARF. A pericarp which splits into one- 

 seeded pieces. 



SCKIZOCENTBOIT. A synonym of Heeria (which 



see). 



SCHIZODITJM (from ,«(■?! uo, to cut; alluding to the 

 cleft column). Ord. Orchidece. A genus comprising ten 

 species of slender, terrestrial, greenhouse orchids, with 

 undivided tubers, natives of South Africa. Upper sepal 

 erect, concave or galeate, the base produced in a spur, 

 the lateral ones free and spreading ; petals erect or 

 spreading ; lip spreading from the base of the column, 

 free, contracted above into a claw, not spurred, the 

 blade undivided ; column very short, bipartite. Leaves 

 sirb-radical, usually small. None of the species are at 

 present in cultivation. 



SCHIZOLOBIUM (from .vhizo, to split, and lohos, 

 a pod ; probably alluding to the dehiscence of the pod). 

 Ord. Leguminosis. A genus comprising two (?) species 

 of tall, stove, evergreen trees, one from Brazil, and the 

 other (perhaps a variety) a native of Panama. Flowers 

 racemose : calyx segments imbricated, refiexed : petals 

 five, unguiculate. ovate or rounded : stamens ten, free ; 

 racemes axillary or paniculate at the tips of the branches ; 

 br.aots small. Pods one-seeded. Leaves bipinnate, ample ; 

 leaflets numerous, small. S. e.vcelsum has been intro- 

 duced, and requires culture similar to that recommended 

 for Csesalpinia. 



S, excelsum (lofty). Jf. yellow ; peduncles glabrous; pedicels 

 adprcssedly pilose. I. eighteen-jugate ; leaflets 2in. long, abo\it 

 twt'lity-jugate, oblong, very shortly petiolulate, white l)eneath, 

 and golden-pilose on the middle nerve ; common petiole often 2ft. 

 long, glabrous, h. (in Brazil) 120ft. 1874. 



