LX GUNNAR SCHOTTE. 
'The mountain pine was widely employed in drift-sand areas. Apart from 
the species just mentioned, a number of other kinds of trees were intro- 
duced rather sporadically and unsystematically. Beginning in 1902, the 
State Institute of Experimental Forestry has taken over experiments with 
foreign trees. 
Chap. II. Short survey of the most important characters of the 
different species of larches. 
We here give classifications of the different species, both arranged on p. 453 
on the basis of the nature of the cones and on p. 537 on the basis of the 
appearance of the needles and branches. On p. 54 a map of the world shows the 
distribution of the different species oflarch. In addition to this pp. 537—548 
contain short descriptions of the different varieties and illustration thereof. 
Chap. III. The European Larch. 
In section A. there is given a short account of the distribution of the 
European larch, with some indication of the characteristic plants that form 
the ground-covering in the natural larch forests: 
In section B. there is given a description of the introduction of the 
larch into Sweden, Norway and Finland and other countries, and 
of early views as to its future. 
In Swedish literature the larch is first mentioned in 1555 by OLAUS MAGNUS, 
who says that it grows to excess in the forests of Sweden. The present 
writer, however, on the strength of figure 12, has succeeded in showing that 
OLAUS MAGNUS made a mistake (confusion of names), and that he meant the 
yew (Taxus baccata), which at that time was common in the Swedish forests. It 
is probably Professor PEHR KALM who first cultivated the larch in Sweden. In 1751 
(99) he mentions how, in the course of a journey to America, he got larch 
seeds in England. In 1763 CLAS AÅLSTRÖMER sent home from London the two- 
year-old larch-plants which were planted on the Gåsvadholm estate in Hal- 
land. On the basis of experiences from these plantations, and in accordance 
with advice 'from the best English books”, Alströmer published in 1782 (7) 
a complete account of larch-planting. The first plantation on a large scale 
was carried out about 1789 at Koberg in Västergötland with plants from 
Great Britain. A picture of this wood is given on page 567 (Fig. 17) and 
to the left on Plate I. From this wood cones were collected in 1831 the 
seed of which was sown in Edsmären Crown Park in Västergötland: see to 
the right on plate I. During the first half of the nineteenth century the 
larch was very much cultivated in Sweden, usually from seed or plants de- 
rived from Great Britain. The larch also had a powerful advocate in chief 
forester A. STtrRÖM, "the father of Swedish forest economy”. That seed and 
plants during the first half of the nineteenth century were drawn from Great 
Britain was due to the fact that, ever since JONAS ÅLSTRÖMER'S time, Sweden 
had its most stimulative connections with England. Swedish landowners went 
there to study agriculture, and they came back with impressions of English 
parks and forests also. As we shall see, this connection, at least so far as 
tree-planting is concerned, went on till about the middle of the nineteenth century. 
Then there came into Sweden a number of German foresters, such as 
C. L. OBBARIUS, W. WILKE and E. WorFF, who naturally procured seed from 
