LXXIV GUNNAR SCHOTTE. 
consisting of 266 trunks from several sample plots showed that the heartwood 
rises percentually with the dimensions, as is shown in detail in the following 
series. 
Diam. ofstump in cm; 4 60. (S1 (HOT Men ifA II0 A 18: 20. 2277 24 GES 
o 
> > heart in & 
OlStämp TE oss sr one 27.3 33.6 3$.2 42.4 40.3 49.7 52.7 55.3 57.7 59.8 61.7 63.5 65.1 66.4 
Diam. ofstumpin cm; . 32. 340 300 3381 400 42 44. 46 "48! 501 SI SIRNG 
» >» heart in HÅ 
OfTStömap/ sosse 67.6 68:38 7O0.0r70:6 fa. TiI.s5 71.7 71.8 71.8 TID fIL9LIAGNIEEA 
The chief value of the larch is for pile-buildings and water-buildings in 
general. Its most important use, however, is for sleepers, for power-transmis- 
sion posts and telephone posts, and for props; also for building-timber, tools, 
furniture etc. Information received as to the result of durability experiments 
undertaken by different railway managements show that larch-sleepers have 
been tried with good results in Sweden. There are definite reports that a 
number of larch-sleepers did not begin to be partly damaged until after 14— 18 
vears, while others had been down longer. There is, therefore, no exaggeration 
in maintaining that larch-sleepers last twice as long as non-creosoted fir 
sleepers and at least as long as creosoted sleepers. Finally on p. 701 there 
are given examples of good prices actually received for larch timber of dif- 
rent kinds. 
Chap. IV. The Siberian Larch. 
Section A treats of the distribution of this larch, and, following CAJANDER 
(339 —340), the ground-vegetation in natural stands. 
In section B there is given a description of the introduction of the Siberian 
larch into Sweden, Norway and Finland, and earlier views as to its 
future. Apart from a few isolated examples in parks, the Siberian larch 
does not seem to have been introduced on a large scale into Sweden and 
Central Europe till shortly after 1890, probably owing to the influence of 
the circular issued on the 21 Nov. 1889 by the Finnish Forest Council, which 
recommended extensive cultivation of the Siberian larch in Finnish Crown 
Parks. The Siberian larch had, however, been cultivated in Finland long 
before this. According to THESLEFF (388), the first sowing of larch took 
place in 1738 for the great larch woods at Raivola or Lihtula in Nykyrka 
parish in Viborg län, not far from Raivola railway-station on the Helsingfors 
—Petrograd railway. This Nykyrka larch-forest is certainly the largest and 
oldest cultivated larch-wood of the species in question. As it is scarcely 
surpassed by any wood in the native country of the Siberian larch, a detailed 
description of it is given in Finnish and Russian forest literature (see too 
Tables 14 and 15). 
In Norway the first Siberian larches were planted in 1886; but it was not 
until 1895 or thereabouts that it first began to be used as an ingredient in 
Swedish forests. 
In section C is given an account of the present occurrence of the 
