46 KXrEDITION 10 THE 



a plough nor a yoke of oxen in use, in the whole of the upper 

 settlement. Considering the high latitude of Pembina, the 

 above-mentioned plants thrive well. Maize yields tolerable 

 crops ; so does tobacco, which even yields seed. The wheat 

 which is in greatest repute here is the bearded wheat. The 

 price of agricultural produce is apparently very high. 

 Wheat sells for $ 2.00 per bushel ; Indian corn for $ 3.00 ; 

 barley, which is much used by the colonists in soup, yields 

 ^3.00; potatoes from 50 cents to ^1.00; and the other 

 vegetables in proportion. It may be well, however, to add 

 that these are mere nominal prices, there is no specie cur- 

 rency, every thing is traded for in the way of exchange 

 for some other commodity, at the rates affixed to them by 

 the Hudson's Bay Company, of which the following may 

 give an idea. Gun powder at $ 1.25 per lb. Buck and 

 small shot at 75 cents per lb. Tobacco $ 2.00 per lb. 



The main object of the party in visiting this place be- 

 ing the determination of the 49th degree of latitude, Mr. 

 Colhoun lost no time in taking observations. The first one 

 which he made was near Mr. Nolen's house, and although 

 not very satisfactory, yet it showed that we were near to 

 the boundary line, as it indicated 48° 59' 27". We then 

 pitched our camp a little further down on the bank of the 

 river, and as near as we could judge to the boundary line. 

 A large skin lodge, which was lent to us, sheltered the gen- 

 tlemen of the party during our stay there ; our flies were 

 pitched around it for the use of the soldiers. In honour of 

 the President of the United States, this place received the 

 name of Camp Monroe. A flag-staff was planted, which, 

 after a series of observations, made during four days, was 

 determined to be in latitude 48° 59' 57 J" north. The mag- 

 netic variation having been ascertained to be 13° 17' 25" 

 east, the distance to the boundary line was measured off, and 



