April, 1910. Fishes of Chicago — Meek and Hildebraxd. 329 



pupil; cleft of mouth 2.8 to 3.8 in head; maxillary reaching past front 

 of orbit; snout pointed, 3.5 to 4.3 in head; eye 3.3 to 4.0; spinous 

 and soft dorsal scarcely separate; separation of ventrals more than 

 y^ their width at base; gill membranes narrowly connected; cheeks, 

 opercles, and nape closely scaled; breast naked; belly covered with 

 ordinary scales; lateral line with pores lacking on 3 to 15 scales. 



Color brownish olive; ba,ck with 5 or 6 dark quadrate blotches; 

 sides with 8 or 9 dark bars on sides, those before anal fin obscure; 

 spinous dorsal tipped (in life) with pale blue or white, below which is 

 a row of orange red spots; base of fins blue; soft dorsal irregularly 

 spotted with orange; anal pale. 



Length ordinaril}^ a little less than 2 inches, occasionally reaching 

 a length of 2X inches. 



This species ranges from Iowa to Indiana and Texas. 



Etheostoma coeruleum Storer. Rainbow Darter; Soldier-fish. 



Head 3.2 to 4.0; depth 4.5 to 5.2; D. x or xi — 12 to 14; A. 11, 

 7 or 8; scales 44 to 51. 



Body robust, compressed; head large, tapering above and below 

 to a bluntly pointed snout; interorbital space fiat; mouth moderate, 

 terminal, somewhat oblique, the jaws about equal; cleft of mouth 

 3.0 to 3.5; maxillary reaching front of orbit; snout bluntly pointed, 

 3.2 to 4.1 in head; eye 5.8 to 7.2 in head; spinous and soft dorsals 

 scarcely separate, or slightly connected; separation of ventrals 



Fig. 73. Rainbow Darter; Soldier-fish. 



Etheostoma cceruleum Storer. (From Forbes and Richardson.) 



usually about y^ their width at base; cheeks naked; opercles scaled; 

 nape scaled posteriorly; breast naked; belly covered with ordinary 

 scales; lateral line incomplete, usually absent on 15 to 20 scales. 



Color dark-olive, overlaid with dusky to bluish bars and blotches; 

 back with 7 or 8 rather obscure quadrate blotches; sides with 11 to 

 12 dark bars, these most, prominent on posterior third of body; in 



