278 Isospondyli 
tropics and are largely salted and dried by the Chinese. Among 
these are Jlisha elongata of the Chinese coast. Related forms 
occur in Mexico and Brazil. 
The round herrings, small herrings which have no serrations 
on the belly, are referred by Dr. Gill to the family of Dussu- 
miertide. These are mostly small tropical fishes used as food 
or bait. One of these, the Kobini-Iwashi of Japan (Stolephorus 
japonicus), with a very bright silver band on the side, has con- 
siderable commercial importance. Very small herrings of this 
type in the West Indies constitute the genus Jenkinsia, named 
for Dr. Oliver P. Jenkins, the first to study seriously the fishes 
of Hawaii. Other species constitute the widely distributed 
genera Etrumeus and Dussumieria, Etrumeus sardina is the 
round herring of the Virginia coast. Etrumeus micropus is 
the Etrumei-Iwashi of Japan and Hawaii. 
Fossil herring are plentiful and exist in considerable variety, 
even among the Clupeide as at present restricted. Histiothrissa 
Fig, 212.—A fossil Herring; Diplomystus humilis Leidy. (From a specimen obtained 
at Green River, Wyo.) The scutes along the back lost in the specimen. 
Family Cluperde, 
of the Cretaceous seems to be allied to Dussumieria and 
Stolephorus. Another genus, from the Cretaceous of Palestine, 
Pseudoberyx (syriacus, etc.), having pectinated scales, should 
perhaps constitute a distinct subfamily, but the general struc- 
ture is like that of the herring. More evidently herring-like 
is Scombroclupea (macrophthalma). The genus Diplomystus, 
with enlarged scales along the back, is abundantly represented 
in the Eocene shales of Green River, Wyoming. Species of 
similar appearance, usually but wrongly referred to the same 
genus, occur on the coasts of Peru, Chile, and New South Wales. 
A specimen of Diplomystus humilis from Green River is here 
;. 
3 
: 
. 
