280 Isospondyli 
gizzard-shad, is found in brackish river-mouths and ponds from 
Long Island to Texas, and throughout the Mississippi Valley 
in all the large rivers. Through the canals it has entered Lake 
Michigan. The Konoshiro, Clupanodon thrissa, 1s equally com- 
mon in China and Japan. 
The Engraulidide.—The anchovies (Engraulidide) are dwarf 
herrings with the snout projecting beyond the very wide mouth. 
They are small in size and weak in muscle, found in all warm 
seas, and making a large part of the food of the larger fish. 
The genus Engraulis includes the anchovy of Europe, Engraulis 
encrasicholus, with similar species in California, Chile, Japan, 
and Australia. In this genus the vertebrae are numerous, the 
bones feeble, and the flesh tender and oily. The species of 
Engraulis are preserved in oil, often with spices, or are made 
into fish-paste, which is valued as a relish. The genus Anchovia 
replaces Engraulis in the tropics. The vertebrae are fewer, the 
Fia, 214.—A Silver Anchovy, Anchovia perthecata (Goode & Bean), Tampa. 
bones firm and stiff, and the flesh generally dry. Except as 
food for larger fish, these have little value, although existing 
in immense schools. Most of the species have a bright silvery 
band along the side. The most familiar of the very numerous 
species is the silver anchovy, Anchovia browni, which abounds 
in sandy bays from Cape Cod to Brazil. Several other genera 
occur farther southward, as well as in Asia, but Engraulis only 
is found in Europe. Fossil anchovies called Engraulis are 
recorded from the Tertiary of Europe. 
Gonorhynchide.—To the Isospondyli belongs the small primi- 
tive family of Gonorhynchide, elongate fishes with small mouth, 
feeble teeth, no air-bladder, small scales of peculiar structure 
covering the head, weak dentition, the dorsal fin small, and 
