The Grayling and the Smelt 353 
in the deep sea are provided with luminous spots or glands 
giving light in the abysmal depths. These spots are wanting in 
the few shore species, as also in those which approach most nearly 
to the Salmonide, these being presumably the most primitive 
of the group. In these also the post-temporal touches the back 
of the cranium near the side. In the majority of the [niomi 
the adipose fin of the Salmomide is retained. From the phos- 
phorescent spots is derived the general name of lantern-fishes 
applied of late years to many of the species. Most of these are 
of recent discovery, results of the remarkable work in deep- 
sea dredging begun by the Albatross and the Challenger. All 
of the species are carnivorous, and some, in spite of their feeble 
muscles, are exceedingly voracious, the mouth being armed 
with veritable daggers and spears. 
Aulopide.—Most primitive of the Iniomz is the family of 
Aulopide, having an adipose fin, a normal maxillary, and no 
luminous spots. The rough firm scales suggest those of the 
berycoid fishes. The few species of Aulopus and Chlorophthalmus 
are found in moderate depths. Aulopus purpurissatus is the 
“Sergeant Baker”’ of the Australian fishermen. 
The Lizard-fishes——The Synodontide, or lizard-fishes, have 
lizard-like heads with very large mouth. The head is scaly, a 
character rare among the soft-rayed fishes. The slender maxil- 
Fic 258 —Lizard-fish, Synodus fetens L. Charleston, S. C. 
lary is grown fast to the premaxillary, and the color is not black. 
Most of the species are shore-fishes and some are brightly colored. 
Synodus fetens is the common lizard-fish, or galliwasp, of our 
Atlantic coast. Synodus varius of the Pacific is brightly 
colored, olive-green and orange-red types of coloration exist- 
ing at different depths. Most of the species lie close to the 
bottom and are mottled gray like coral sand. A few occur in 
