Cavallas and Pampanos 491 
Cod southward. This is an elongate species of moderate size. 
The cavalla, or jiguagua, Carangus hippos, known by the black 
spot on the opercle, with another on the pectoral fin, is a widely 
distributed species and one of the largest of the tribe. Another 
important food-fish is the horse-eye-jack, or jurel, Carangus 
latus, which is very similar to the species called ulua in the Pacific. 
The black jack, or tifiosa, of Cuba, Carangus funebris, is said to be 
often poisonous. This is a very large species, black in color, 
the sale of which has been long forbidden in the markets of 
Havana. The young of different species of Carangus are often 
found taking refuge under the disk of jelly-fishes protected by the 
stinging feelers. The species of the genus Carangus have well- 
developed teeth. In the restricted genus of Caranx proper, the 
jaws are toothless. Caranx speciosus, golden with dark cross- 
bands, is a large food-fish of the Pacific. Cztula armata is another 
widely distributed species, with some of the dorsal rays produced 
in long filaments. 
In Alectis ciliaris, the cobbler-fish, or threadfish, the arma- 
ture of the tail is very slight and each fin has some of its rays 
drawn out into long threads. In the young these are very 
much longer than the body, but with age they wear off and 
grow shorter, while the body becomes more elongate. In 
Vomer, Selene, and Chloroscombrus the bony armature of the 
tail, feeble in Alectis, by degrees entirely disappears. 
Vomer setipinnis, the so-called moonfish, or jorobado, has 
the body greatly elevated, compressed, and distorted, while the 
fins, growing shorter with age, become finally very low. Selene 
vomer, the horse-head-fish, or look-down, is similarly but even 
more distorted. The fins, filamentous in the young, grow 
shorter with age, as in Vomer and Alectis. The skeleton in these 
fishes is essentially like that of Carangus, the only difference 
lying in the compression and distortion of the bones. Cliloro- 
scombrus contains the casabes, or bumpers, thin, dry, com- 
pressed fish, of little value as food, the bony armature of the 
tail being wholly lost. 
To the genus Trachinotus belong the pampanos, broad- 
bodied, silvery fishes, toothless when adult, the bodies covered 
with small scales and with no bony plates. 
The true pampano, Trachinotus carolinus, 13 one of the 
