Cavallas and Pampanos 593 
formed by the ossified cover of the air-bladder and with the 
hypocoracoid obsolete. Kurtus indicus is the principal species. 
The Menide.—Near the Kurtide we may perhaps place the 
family of Menide, of one species, Mene maculata, the moon-fish 
of the open seas of the East Indies and Japan. This is a small 
fish, about a foot long, with the body very closely compressed, 
the fins low and the belly, through the extension of the pelvic 
bone, a good deal more prominent than the back. The ventral 
Fic. 892 —Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider). Family Menide. Japan. 
fins have the usual number of one spine and five soft rays, a 
character which separates Mene widely from Lampris, which 
in some ways seems allied to it. 
Another species of Menide is the extinct Gasteronemus 
rhombeus of the Eocene of Monte Bolca. It has much the same 
form, with long pubic bones. The very long ventral fins are, 
however, made of one spine and one or two 1ays. A second 
species, Gasteronemus oblongus, is recorded from the same rocks. 
The Pempheridez.—The Pempheride, “deep-water catalufas,”’ 
or ‘‘magifi,’’ are rather small deep-bodied fishes, reddish in 
color, with very short dorsal, containing a few graduated spines. 
