562 The Bass and their Relatives 
silvery scales. In some species the dorsal spines and the third 
anal spine are very strong, and in some the second interhemal 
is quill-shaped, including the end of the air-bladder, as in Calamus, 
Most of the species, including all the peculiar ones, are American. 
The smallest, Eucinostomus, have the quill-shaped interhemal 
Fic. 454.—Mojarra, Xystema cinereum (Walbaum). Key West. 
and the dorsal and anal spines are very weak. The commonest 
species is the silver jenny, or mojarra de Ley, Eucitnostomus 
gula, which ranges from Cape Cod to Rio Janeiro, in the surf 
along sandy shores. Equally common is Eucinostomus cali- 
forniensis of the Pacific Coast of Mexico, while Euctnostomus 
harengulus of the West Indies is also very abundant. Ulema 
lefroyt has but two anal spines and the interhemal very small. 
It is common through the West Indies. Xystema, with the 
interhemal spear-shaped and normally formed, is found in 
Asia and Polynesia more abundantly than in America, although 
one species, Xystema cinereum, the broad shad, or Mojarra 
blanca, is common on both shores of tropical America. 
Xystema gigas is found in Polynesia, X. oyena in Japan, and 
X. filamentosum in Formosa and India. Xystema massalongot 
is also fossil in the Miocene of Austria. The species of Gerres 
have very strong dorsal and anal spines and the back much 
elevated. Gerres plumiert, the striped mojarra, Gerres bra- 
siliensts, the patao, Gerres oltsthostomus, the Irish pampano, 
and Gerres rhombeus are some of the numerous species found 
