Pareioplite, or Mailed-cheek Fishes 667 
Suborder Craniomi: the Gurnards, Triglide.—A remarkable off- 
shoot from the Paretoplite is the suborder of gurnards, known 
as Craniomt (xpaviov, skull; Gos, shoulder). In these fishes 
the suborbital stay is highly developed, much as in the Agonide, 
bony externally and covering the cheeks. The shoulder-girdle 
is distorted, the post-temporal being solidly united to the cra- 
nium, while the postero-temporal is crowded out of place by 
the side of the proscapula. In other regards these fishes resemble 
the other mail-cheek forms, their affinities being perhaps closest 
with the Agonide or certain aberrant Cottide as Ereunias. 
In the true gurnards or Triglide the head is rough and 
bony, the body covered with rough scales and below the pectoral 
fin are three free rays used as feelers by the fish as it creeps 
along the bottom. These free rays are used in turning over 
stones, exploring shells and otherwise searching for food. The 
numerous species are found in the warm seas. In Europe, 
Fic. 578 —Sea-robin, Prionotus evolans (L.). Wood’s Hole, Mass. 
the genus Trigla, without palatine teeth and with the lateral 
line armed, is represented by numerous well-known species. 
Trigla cuculus is a common form of the Mediterranean. Cheli- 
donichthys, similar to Trigla but larger and less fully armed, is 
found in Asia as well as in Europe. Several species occur in the 
Mediterranean. Chelidonichthys kumu is a common species in 
Japan, a large fish with pectorals of a very brilliant variegated 
blue, like the wings of certain butterflies. 
Lepidotrigla, with larger scales, has many species on the 
coasts of Europe as well as in China and Japan. Lepzidotrigla 
