710 Suborder Jugulares 
fishes, and still others more degenerate. The fishes having 
the fins thus placed were long ago set apart by Linnzus, 
under the name of “ Jugulares,’’ Callionymus being the genus 
first placed by him in this group. Besides their anterior inser- 
tion, the ventrals in the /ugulares are more or less reduced in 
size, the rays being usually but not always less than JI, 5 in 
number and more often reduced to one or two, or even wholly 
lost. 
In general, the jugular fishes are degenerate as compared 
with the perch-like forms, but in certain regards they are often 
highly specialized. The groups showing this character are 
probably related one to another, but in some cases this fact is 
not clearly shown. In most of the jugular-fishes the shoulder- 
girdle shows some change or distortion. The usual foramen 
in the hypercoracoid is often wanting or relegated to the inter- 
space between the coracoids, and the arrangement of the 
actinosts often deviates from that seen in the perciform fishes. 
The Weevers: Trachinide.— Of the various families the 
group of weevers, Trachinide, most approaches the type of 
ordinary fishes. In the words of Dr. Gill, these fishes are 
known by ‘an elongated body attenuated backward from 
the head, compressed, oblong head, with the snout very short, 
a deeply cleft, oblique mouth, and a long spine projecting 
backward from each operculum and strengthened by exten- 
sion on the surface of the operculum, as a keel. The dorsal 
fins are distinct, the first composed of strong, pungent spines 
radiating from a short base and about six or seven in number. 
The second dorsal and anal are very long. The pectorals 
have the lower rays unbranched, and the ventrals are in 
advance of the pectorals, and have each a spine and five rays. 
The species of this family are mostly found along the European 
and western African coast; but singularly enough a species 
closely related to the Old World form is found on the coast of 
Chile. None have been obtained from the intermediate regions 
or from the American coast. Two species are found in England, 
and are known under the name of the greater weever (Trachinus 
draco), about twelve inches long, and the lesser weever 
(Trachinus vipera), about six inches long. They are perhaps 
the most dreaded of the smaller English fishes. The formid- 
