shoulder-girdle 
of Opah, 458* 
of Polypterus, 226* 
of stickleback, 442* 
of threadfin, 440* 
shovel-nosed sturgeon, 256* 
shrimpfish, 450* 
shrimpfishes, 449 
Shufeldt, 
photo by, 2, 6, 12, 334, 410, 
513; 520, 536, 543, 540%, 
~ 597) 715 
sierra, 481 
Sierra Nevada, fish fauna of, 
113 
Siganide, 620 
silk-snapper, 550 
Sillagninide, 572 
Siluride, 397 
silver anchovy, 280* 
silver hake, 745 
silver jenny, 562 
silver salmon, 295 
silver surf-fish, 118* 
silverfin, 385* 
silver-jaw minnow, 384* 
silversides, 432, 434* 
silvery puffer, 630* 
Simenchelys, 368* 
singing-fish, 21*, 736* 
Siphonognathide, 6o0r 
Sirenoidei, order of, 239 
siscowet, trout, 338 
Sisoridz, 403 
skates, 208, 209* 
skeleton 
of chimera, 221* 
of cowfish, 629* 
of fish, 9 
skilfishes, 649* 
skipper, 427 
skull 
of Anarrhichthys, 727* 
of berycoid fish, 465* 
of rock-bass, 511* 
of Scorpeenichthys, 638* 
sleek-sculpin, 662* 
slippery-dick, 106*, 599, 607* 
small-mouth black bass, 134*, 
518* 
smelt, 345, 346* 
smelt and grayling, 343-361 
Smith, H. M., photo by, 175* 
snailfish, 666* 
snake-eels, 86*, 369 
snake-head China-fish, 585* 
snake-head mullets, 584 
snappers, 547 
snipe-fishes, 449 
snook, 534 
snowy grouper, 543* 
Snyder, photo by, 147* 
Snyderina, 648* 
Index 
soapfishes, 544* 
soldier-fishes, 468, 469* 
sole, hog-choker, 706* 
Soleidee, 705 
Soleine, 706 
Solenostomide, 451 
Solenostomus, 452* 
soles, 705 
soup-fin shark, 198* 
southern zone of distribution, 
105 
spadefish, 134, 612* 
spadefishes, 611 
Spanish-flag, 537 
Spanish lady-fish, 599 
Spanish mackerel, 131*, 479* 
Goode on, 479 
Sparide, 556 
Sparisoma, 28*, 603* 
pharyngeals of, 602 
species 
absent through barriers, 91 
absent through failure of 
foothold, 91 
Arctic, in lakes, 125 
changed through selection, 
93 
excess in favorable wat rs, 
110 
extinction of, 93 
of eel, 367 
of lancelet, 164 
speckled hind, 539* 
speckled trout, 135*, 333* 
spet, 438 
Spheroides, 631* 
Sphyrena, 438* 
Sphyrenide, 437 
Sphyma, 201* 
Sphymide, family of, 2co 
Spinacanthide, 626 
spineless trunkfish, 628* 
spines, 
of catfish, 51 
of sting-ray, 54 
venomous, 52 
spiny-rayed fishes, 424 
spiral valve, 30 
spotted trunkfish, 627* 
face view of, 628* 
spotted weakfish, 567* 
Squalide, family of, 202 
Squalus, 202* 
squamipinnes, 608-621 
square-tails, 506 
Squatina, brain of, 204* 
squawfish, 48*, 50*, 288* 
stranding of, 50* 
squeteague, 567 
squirrel-fishes, 542 
squirrel-hake, 743 
star-gazers, 59*, 713, 714*, 
715* 
787 
starry-flounder, 692, 705* 
steelhead, 319 
steelhead-trout, 136*, 324* 
Steindachnerella, 747* 
Stelgis, 662* 
Stenodus, 291* 
Stenotomus, 558* 
Stephanoberycide, 438 
Stephanolepis, 54*, 626 
Sternoptychide, 360 
Sticheine, 721 
Sticheeus, 723 
sticklebacks, 443 
four-spined, 447 
nest-building habits of, 443 
shoulder-girdle of, 442* 
three-spined, 447 
sting-rays, 100, 212, 213* 
spines of, 54 
Stizostedion, 524* 
Stomias, 351* 
Stomiatide, 351 
stone-bass, 537 
stone-roller, 31*, 386* 
stone-sculpin, 654 
stone-wall perch, 573* 
Storms, on fossil remoras, 680 
striped mojarra, 562 
striped sheepshead, 561* 
Stromateide, 498 
structure, of lamprey, 167 
sturgeons, 254 
common, 255* 
lake, 256 
shovel-nosed, 256* 
Stylephoridz, 690 
subclass, 
Actinopteri, 246 
Crossopterygii, 225 
Dipneusti, 235-245 
Elasmobranchs, 182 
Teleostei, 264 
suborder, 
Amphacanthi, 620 
Archencheli, 364 
Batoidei, 206 
Cestraciontes, 187 
Chromides, 591 
Colocephali, 371 
Craniomi, 667 
Cyclospondyli, 202 
Discocephali, 679 
Enchelycephali, 365 
Galei, 189 
Gobioidei, 670 
Haplodoci, 735 
Hemibranchii, 442 
Holconoti, 586 
Hypostomides, 454 
Iniomi, 352 
Percesoces, 432 
Percomorphi, 473 
Pharyngognathi, 595 
—— ree 
