APPENDIX. 215 
seven inches), wood pewee (length about six inches), least 
flycatcher (length about five inches). 
4. Upper parts brown. — a. Back without markings of any 
kind: Indigo-bird (female), brown thrasher (breast spotted, 
tail very long), Wilson’s thrush (breast spotted, tail short), 
hermit thrush (breast spotted, tail short and red), winter 
wren (back barred). 
6. Back more or less streaked: Meadow-lark (below yel- 
low with black collar), female rose-breasted grosbeak (rose 
of male replaced by saffron yellow), bobolink (female and 
male in winter, buffish-yellow below), purple finch (female), 
brown creeper, grouse. 
Sparrows: c. Breast unspotted in adult: Chipping 
(crown brick red), white-throated (yellow snot in front of 
eye), white-crowned (crown-cap of five lines), field sparrow 
(rusty look). 
d. Breast spotted or streaked : Song (no white on tail), 
tree (breast with spot in centre, cap reddish). 
5. General color chiefly black and white. —a. In large 
patches or areas: Snowflake, bank swallow, rose-breasted 
grosbeak (male), redstart (male), chewink (brown sides), 
red-headed woodpecker (head and neck red). 
b. In stripes. Black and white creeper. 
c. In spots (above, white below): Hairy woodpecker, 
downy woodpecker. 
6. Yellow band across end of tail. —Waxwing (high crest). 
7. White band across end of tail. — Kingbird (low crest). 
8. Crown and throat black (size small). — Chickadee (back 
dull ash-gray). 
9. General color sooty. — Chimney swift. 
10. General color slate. —Catbird, junco (belly and outer 
tail feathers white). 
BRILLIANT MALES CHANGING TO DULL COLORS OF FE- 
MALES IN AUTUMN. 
Bobolink (becomes almost sparrowy in appearance), gold- 
