216 APPENDIX. 
finch (becomes flaxen-brown above and brownish-yellow be- 
low), scarlet tanager (becomes greenish-yellow), yellow- 
rumped warbler (becomes brownish). 
BIRDS SHOWING WHITE ON TAIL FEATHERS IN FLIGHT. 
Meadow-lark, vesper sparrow, junco, chewink (white tri- 
angles on corners of tail), rose-breasted grosbeak, several 
warblers, kingbird (white crescent bordering tail). 
IV. Sones. 
SINGERS. 
1. Particularly plaintive. — Bluebird, white-throated spar- 
row, hermit thrush, meadow-lark, wood pewee. 
2. Especially happy. — Bobolink, song sparrow, goldfinch, 
indigo-bird, chickadee. 
3. Short songs. — Robin, chickadee, bluebird, Maryland 
yellow-throat, meadow-lark, great-crested flycatcher, whip- 
poorwill, white-crowned sparrow. 
4. Long songs, with definite beginning, middle and end. — 
Hermit thrush, indigo-bird, thrasher, chewink, song, field, 
tree, fox, white-crowned, and white-throated sparrows. 
5. Long songs, without definite beginning, middle, and end. 
— Purple finch, catbird, goldfinch, warbling vireo. 
6. Long loud songs. — Oriole, scarlet tanager, oven-bird, 
rose - breasted grosbeak, chewink, winter wren, brown 
thrasher. 
TRILLERS. 
(Saying tee-ka-tee-ka-tee-ka, or words to that effect.) 
Low. — Redstart, summer yellow-bird, black and white 
creeper, junco, chippy, brown creeper, swift (saying chippy- 
chippy-chirio), nuthatch. 
Loud. — Yellow hammer (if-if-if-i/-if-if-if ), kingfisher 
(alarm), oven-bird (saying teacher). 
