218 APPENDIX. 
IX. SHAPE OF BILL ADAPTED TO Foon. 
1. Short and stout, for cracking seeds. — Grosbeak, cross- 
bills (crossed for getting out spruce and pine seeds), purple 
finch, indigo-bird, junco, snow bunting, bobolink, sparrows, 
chewink. 
2. Long and slender for holding worms. —Thrushes, war- 
blers, orioles, kinglets, brown creeper. 
3. Hooked at end to hold insects. — Vireos, flycatchers. 
4. Long and heavy for drilling holes in trees. — Wood- 
peckers. 
5. Slender and delicate for reaching insects at bottom of 
Jlower tubes. — Humming-bird. 
6. Large and long for holding jish. — Kingfisher. 
X. WHERE CERTAIN Birps NEst. 
1. On the ground. — Meadow-lark (meadows and fields), 
white - throated sparrow, partridge, snow bunting, night- 
hawk, bobolink, junco, oven-bird, song sparrow, hermit 
thrush, Maryland yellow-throat, black and white creeper, 
chewink, whippoorwill, vesper sparrow. 
2. In holes. —a. Holes in trees and stubs: Woodpeck- 
ers, nuthatch, chickadee, bluebird, great-crested flycatcher. 
b. Holes in river and other banks: Kingfisher, bank 
swallow. 
3. In orchards. — Kingbird, goldfinch, waxwing, summer 
yellow-bird, chipping sparrow, catbird, robin, blue jay, red- 
start, cuckoo, least flycatcher. 
4. About houses, sheds, and barns. — Robin, pheebe, eave 
swallow, chimney swift, bluebird (in knot- holes in out- 
houses or in bird boxes), chipping sparrow. 
5. In bushes. — Cuckoo, chipping sparrow, ecatbird, rose- 
breasted grosbeak, red-eyed vireo, Wilson’s thrush, red- 
winged blackbird, song sparrow, yellow warbler, indigo 
bunting, brown thrasher. 
