AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BIRD. 227 
or the tail feathers are pointed and stiff and the bird 
sits upright on trunks usually or with the direction of 
the limb, it isa WoopprcKker. Some of these have 
only one toe rear and two front (6). 
(40) Referring to the last part of (81), if the toes 
are not abnormally arranged (i. e., two only in front 

Bill and feet of woodpeckers. 
or two grown together), then all that is left is an 
order known as the Machrochires, or long- (literally 
large-) handed birds. 
(41) If the bill is wide and short, and the gape 
deep (associated with a rear toe much shorter than 
the inner), it is— 
(42) First, if tail 
feathers soft and round 
at tip, GoaTSUCKER 
form. 
(43) Second, if - tail 
feathers stiff and _ spi- 
nous at tip, a Swirr. 
(44) But if bill is 
long and slim like a 
needle, the gape ordinary, and the bird very small, 
with insectlike flight, it is a Hummine Brrp. 

Typical head and foot of goatsucker. 
