254 
birds, 93, 94; on relations of bril- 
liancy and polygamy, 95. 
Degeneration of wing, 5, 15; of fore- 
leg, 6-15; of wing in flightless 
birds, 24, 34; of feathers, 25, 26, 
36 ; of downs, 33 ; of nests, 104 ; of 
internal organs, 193, 194; of fibula, 
167. 
Defense (see WEAPONS, etc.) by bad 
odor, 63, 64. 
Dendrocygna, 217. 
Diagnosing bird, 213 et seq. 
Diagram of kinship, 202 et seq. 
Dick-cissel and nest material (ill.), 
109, 110. 
Digestion tract and history, 137, 195. 
Digits, loss of, and normal number, 
10. 
Dinosaurs, bones of, 20; spurs on, 
59 ; relations to birds, 202, 203. 
Discrimination often poor in birds, | 
191. 
Display, with appreciation and 
choice, 44, 50; of plumage marks, 
46; of Argus pheasant, 49; by fe- 
male, 50; younger than weapons, 
64; substituted for battle, 65 ; style 
of, predicted from markings, 71 ; | 
of flicker, 241, 242. 
Divers, identifying, 214. 
Divine agency, 145. 
Doves, wing whistles of, 57 ; varying 
rival’s song, 82 (see PIGEONS). 
Downs, generally treated, 25 et seq.; 
striped or mottled, 35 ; molted be- 
fore hatching, 126. 
cubating eggs, 2,3; suckles young, 
134. 
Ducks, mallard’s morals changed, | 
95; carrying young, 134; feeding 
habits, 139; bill and tongue fringed, 
145 ; paddling water to rise, 172; 
chest muscles of, 173; ancestry 
of, 198; covering eggs with their 
down, 198; identifying, 217; free 
ducks, 217. 


THE STORY OF THE BIRDS. 
Eagle, paired for life, 89; repairing 
nest yearly, 115 ; foot of (ill.), 141 ; 
use of beak closed, 142. 
Ear of owls, 142. 
Egg, where the large comes in, 2; 
meaning of markings of, 116 ; and 
kinship, 119, 206; and environ- 
meut, 119; hybridism affecting, 
119 ; relative size of, 125; of pre- 
cocials and altricials, 124; size of 
yolk in, 126; transit down oviduct, 
118, 126; size of, and number, 126; 
size of, and young, 127 ; dormant, 
127, 189; carried in penguin’s 
pocket, 171]; proper number in 
clutch, 185 ; bird counting, 189. 
Egg tooth, 126. 
Embryology of bare tracts, 24; of 
nests, 105; of habit, 196. 
Emeu, aftershaft on, 28. 
Environment and downs, 27; and 
molt, 40; and color, 41 ; and mat- 
ing customs, 84, 94; and nests, 
104; and eggs, 119; and new use 
of old tool, habits, 146. 
Epidermis, 31 ; shedding, 33; flaked, 
in penguins, 33, 43 (see SKIN). 
Escape, and clutch number. 169 ; of 
ousels and grebes, 197 ; by shorter 
wing or fin, 166, 171, 174 ; by skulk- 
ing, 171. 
| Europe, birds from. 187. 
style of nest, 103; interrupting | 
Exoskeleton from the skin, 31; on 
some mammals, 82. 
Experience, 179; lack of, in young 
grebes, 197. 
| Eye, colored, as ornament, 45, 46; 
Duckbill, a mammal laying and in- | 
degenerate, 32; on side of head in 
hawks, 224; range of focus of, 234. 
Fastidiousness of birds, 109. 
Feathers, from scale, 8, 24, 253; not 
necessary to flight, 14, 17; but 
shaped by it, 14; not given for 
buoyancy, 19; but warmth, 17, 32 ; 
influencing flight, 33; original 
shape of, 33; renewals of, 38, 40; 
degenerated for ornament, 47 ; 
