INDEX. 
Indigo birds, song perch, 80. 
Inflation, not known in flight, 20; 
for terrifying, 65. 
Inheritance, of tastes, 48; of webs 
not probable, 186;° of migratory 
routes, 182; miraculous elements 
in, 186; of habit, 188. 
Instincts, social, 54; migratory not 
infallible, not all explainable, 186 ; 
some, of adults not yet acquired by 
young, 197 ; very subtle, 250. 
Jacana, wings of, spurred, 62; sharp 
edge of wing bone, 63; kinship of, 
139 ; claws elongated, 139. 
Jays, flocking for effect, 188; short 
courtship of, 85; nest of blue jay, 
101 ; like rootlets as lining, kinship 
show by it, 199 ; jay as a winter as- 
sociate, 242, 243. 
Joints of toes, 102, 163. 
Keel, meaning of its absence, 15. 
Key to groups, 214 et seq. 
Kingbird, remarriage of, 90. 
Kingfisher, solid downs on, 
on insect-eating, 27; fishing, 150 ; 
kinship of, 210; identifying by 
toes, 226. 
Kinglets, habits of, 234, 239. 
Kinship, by feather tracts, 
eggs, 119; by pointed eggs, 122; 
by sundry traits, 150-153 ; through 
viscera, 137, 206; through nests, 
198 ; diagram of, and chapter on, 
202 et seq. 
Knob on wing, 62. 
Oo” 
ad 
99 + 
w~ ys 
Landmarks in migrating, 183. 
Lapwing, white signal rump spot 
(ill), 55. 
Lark bunting, song flight of, 73. 
Laying, influenced or suppressed, 
127,189, 190. 
Leg, converted into a wing, 10, 192; 
naked above joint of waders, 141 ; 
locked during sleep, 156 ; bones of, 
167 ; correlations of scales on, 176, 
; not | 
by | 

257 
194, 195; of geese and ducks (ill.), 
217 ; feathered to joint, 217; bare 
in kingfisher, 218; with shank 
sharp, 222; as rudder in penguins, 
170. 
Lightness not necessary to flight, 19, 
20. 
Lining of nest, of goldfinch, 85 ; a re- 
cent element, 106, 107; and color 
of egg, 116; constancy and varia- 
tion of, 117. 
Loitering in migration, 181. 
_Loons, flight of, under water® and 
feeding habits, 139 ; paddling when 
rising, 172; kinship of, 207 ; iden- 
tifying, 214. 
Lores (space between bill and eye) 
naked in heron forms and kin, 
218. 
Lung, a loose sac, 1; becomes cellu- 
lar, 2; helped by air spaces, 20. 
Lyre bird, degeneration of feathers, 
26, 47; kinship of, 210; downy 
nestling and song muscles of, 211. 
Machrochires, 227 
| Males, incubating, 50, 87 ; displaying 
ornaments, 44, 52 (ill.) ; feeding sit- 
ting mate, 87; deserting sitting 
mate, 88; taking nest hole to 
roost in, 89; song of, after bereave- 
ment, 92. 
Mammals differ from birds, how, 3. 
Marriage (see PAIRING), second, 87, 
90, 92; and environment, 94. 
Marsh wrens nesting, 111. 
Marsupial sac, 134. 
| Mates, for season, years, or life. 84, 
86, 89, 90, 92 ; inconstancy of, 93. 
Meadow lark, song flight of, 73; 
feeding and kinship, 151; inter- 
grading species, 187; and cow- 
bird, 189. 
Megapodes, hatched fit for flight, 29, 
40; pass downy state in egg, 126; 
nest building, 99. 
Migration, and plumage, 19; and 
song and pairing in, 86; and nest 
