262 
rear, opposable in some reptiles, 
164; elevated in cranes, 220; in 
fowls mostly, 222; identifications 
by, Chapter XXXI. 
Tongue, protrudable, 149; absent, 193. 
Tool and task (Chapter XXIII), 144. 
Totopalmate foot (ill.). 167, 216. 
Toucans, no bare tracts on, 24. 
Towhee bunting. See CHEWINK. 
Tracts in plumage (ill.), 21, 22. 
Trades in birds building, 112. 
Trees and nesting, 106, 107 ; and al- 
tricials, 127. 
Tree haunters, 128; and number of 
eggs, 127, 128; ducks as, 217. 
Triplets, association of birds in, 93. 
Trogons, toes and kinship, 210 ; iden- 
tifying, 226. 
Tropic bird, a connecting link, 207. 
Tropics, former home of some birds, 
ea ble see 
Turkeys, wattles and hatred of red, 
45; snout, 48; male kills young, 
88 ; roosting habits, 159. 
Umbrella bird, a crow form, 199. 
Vestiges, 146. 
Vigor, choice and color, 49; originat- 
ing antics, 69. 
Vireos, feeding and kinship, 152 ; 
counting cowbird’s eggs, 142; all 
nest alike, 198 ; persistent singing, 
239. 
Vultures, ejecting disgusting food in 
defense, 64, 146; feet of some, not 
very grasping, 142; flight, sight, 
ete., 142; kinship by nostril, naked 
head, etc., 224. 
Waders, kinship and feeding habits, 
141. 
Wallace on color calls, 56; his the- 
ory of egg markings, 116. 
Warblers (warbler forms), feeding 
and kinship of, 152; one nests as 
creeper, 199; yellow - crowned, 
notching leaves, 246. 
THE STORY OF THE BIRDS. 
Water thrush, spots on, 39; nest of, 
199. 
Wattles, 45; associated with wing 
spurs, 63. 
Watch springs, nest of, 104. 
Waxwing playing, 69. 
Weapons, generally (Chapter XI), 59; 
not ornamented in birds, 64; not 
cruel, but progressive, 67; and 
number of eggs, 127. 
Wedding garment, 42. 
Weight needful in best flight, 19, 173. 
Whip-poor-will (ill.), battling by 
voice, 82; feeding of, 150. See 
GOATSUCKERS. 
White, used as a signal, 54 et seq.; 
ornamental, 56; of eggs, 125, 
216. 
White, of Selborne, notes on remar- 
riage of birds, 91; on roosting of 
fieldfare, 158. 
‘* Whiddah ” (‘‘ widow ’’) bird desert- 
ing disgraced mate, 50. 
Window pane, glances through, 282 ; 
rare birds under, 238.. 
Wing, how developed, 6; claws on, 
climbing by, 6; is a bird’s (or liz- 
ard’s) foreleg, 10-14; automatic 
folding of, its bones and muscles, 
12-14; vestigial now, 14; affecting 
plumage, 19; often marked or col- 
ored, 55; sounds as signals and 
calls, 57; weapons on, 61, 62; in 
prey taking, 143 ; shaped for sud- 
den rising, 166; changes in, 169 ; 
all have been once useful in flight, 
14, 15, 170; shape of, 171-175 (ill.). 
Woodcock, mimicry of haunt, 47; 
wing whistles of, 57 ; antics of, 71; 
carrying young, 134, 218. 
Woodpeckers, tracts on, 23; spots 
on redhead’s wing, 39; male 
downy ungallant, 89; use no nest 
lining, 113 ; young cling to sides of 
cavity, 113; lay globular white 
eggs, 121; only one regurgitates, 
132 ; traits generally, 149 ; catching 
flies awing, 151; kinship of, 209; 
