( 11 ) 



!;urr;irn of ilio wator. T)ni ihcy do not appear to do so, or 

 why arc the slmd entirely stopped at the lower Coleroon one ? 

 In the Kistna the ascent of tl>c fish usually occurs after tlio 

 freshes have subsided, and when a wall of stone is built 

 along the top of the weir, and through -which water only 

 trickles, this construction beiug indispensable for the irri- 

 gation of the second crop of rice : fish, however, attempting 

 to ascend during the freshes, one would at first sight liavo 

 tliought, could easily pass over the Bezwada weir, as it forms 

 n long slope on its down-stream face, from its summit to 

 the bed of the river. But such is not the case :* it is asserted 

 that not a single marine species is caught there, or has been, 

 since its construction. Those wdiich try to ascend up the 

 rough stones, in the face of an impetuous current, apparent- 

 ly l)ccome so bruised and injured that they are unable to 

 cross, and even could they do so, their ova would probably 

 be irretrievably ruined. l?ut these rough stones do not 

 exist in front of the undcr-sluices ; and as tlic river is 

 frequently five feet aljove the level of the wall above them, 

 it might be advanced that they could cross at that spot, but 

 they a])parently do not contrive to do so, Avhich is most 

 probably due to the great force of the current, for they would 

 have to rise IG feet at least to clear the wall. As they 

 ascend along the river's bed they find a wall and ascend to 

 surmount it, but as they rise the strong current must take 

 them backward down-stream, and thus they never reach its 

 summit which the muddy condition of the water prevents 

 their seeing, for it is only during freslies that the wall is 

 covered. 



XVII. Besides the foregoing there are irriffaiion canals 



Iiilgationcnnals simple or for wlucll liaVC a bearing UpOU thc 



iraiijc as well. fishcrics of a district, and these may 



be divided (1) into those simply constructed for pui'poses of 

 irrigation, or (2) those which are made for both irrigation 

 and navigation. These canals in some places, as the lloree one 

 ill Sind, are mere artificial streams, which, in some jiortions 

 of their extent, exist in lieu of natural Avater-courses which 

 have silted up. Here no great falls occur, and references 

 to such are vumecessary. But irrigation canals, as a 

 rule, are given off from one or both sides of a river, which 

 has a stone weir thrown across it for the purpose of bunding 

 up the water to a given height. At the head of each of 



* U is stated nt Kuinal (p. l.xsxi) that salilo arc taken nt tbo weir tlicro; if so, 

 llirv iTiusfc eross the He/.wnda one. naviiip: written to tlio Cullectoi", lie is iiuublo to sny if it 

 is tiio sable or not, so 1 havo rciiiieslecl, but not as yet received, n specimeu, 



